PPT-Counterfactual Analysis in Predation Cases

12 June 2013 Overview Predatory pricing Counterfactual in NZ Criticism and proposal Predatory Pricing Predation Phase lowering prices in order to foreclose competition Recoupment Phase Reap monopoly profits and recoup losses of predation phase. FARLOW AND THOMAS R HOLTZ JR Department of Geosciences IndianaPurdue University Fort Wayne 2101 Coliseum Boulevard East Fort Wayne Indiana 46805 USA Department of Geology University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA ABSTRACTPredatory thero Neuroinvasive disease Non - neuroinvasive disease Total Cases Deaths Cases Deaths Cases Deaths Year No. No. (% ) No. No. ( % ) No. No. ( % ) 1999 59 7 (12) 3 0 (0) 62 7 (11) 2000 19 2 (11) 2 0 (0) 21 cases deaths cases deaths cases deaths cases deaths cases deaths cases deaths Lao People's MyanmarNigeriaPakistan Source: WHO/GIP, data in HQ as of 10 December 2013 Total number of cases includes num University of Waikato. Possible Worlds. Day . 4. TOPICS. Lewis’ Counterfactual Theory of Causation. Counterfactual Conditionals. Causal Dependence. Testing the Counterexamples to Hume. Identity . Shwetlena. . Sabarwal. . (thanks to Markus Goldstein for the slides). Objective. Find a plausible counterfactual. Every non-experimental method is associated with an assumption. The stronger the assumption the weaker the estimate. Predation. The capturing of prey as a means of maintaining life.. Aldo Leopold’s 5 types of Predation. -. based on how animals were killed.. Chance Predation. A predator is not searching for prey, but if the opportunity to kill presents itself an attempt will be made.. Herbivory. , and Parasitism. Types of Species Interactions. When two species interact, the effects for each species can be positive, negative, or neutral.. Competition -/-. Amensalism. -/0. Commensalism +/0. Muzvondiwa J.V.. Outline. There . are a variety of . antipredator. adaptations, which suggests that predation is important in nature. Predator–prey models can explain many outcomes. Field data suggests that predators have a large impact on prey populations. Kelsey Vitense. “Current . Challenges for Mathematical Modelling of Cyclic . Populations” Workshop at BIRS. 11/12/13. Outline:. Motivation. . . Models. Results. Next steps. Meadow Vole. Many cyclic mammalian species undergo dramatic fluctuations in abundance in north but exhibit damped dynamics in south. Kenneth A. Frank . Guan Saw, UT San Antonio. AERA workshop April 4, 2014 (. AERA on-line video – cost is $95. ). Motivation . Statistical inferences are often challenged because of uncontrolled bias. There may be bias due to uncontrolled confounding . CONFIRMATION . FROM FOUR BIVALVE SPECIES IN THE PLEISTOCENE OF NORTH CAROLINA. w. ith Patricia H. Kelley, Kristina . Ottens. , Nicholas O. Moore, Sarah L. Simpson, Anna M. . Zappulla. , Gregory P. . Dietl. D. eer Neonates in South Carolina. JOHN C. KILGO. ,1'2 USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809, USA . H. SCOTT RAY. , USDA Forest Service, Savannah River, P.O. Box 700, New Ellenton, SC 20809, USA . Lecture 12: Causality 3. Guest lecturer: Tadeg . Quillien. School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh. Last week: causal inference. Oxygen. Wood. Spark. Fire. How can we discover the general causal relations among all these things?. Science. Challenge answer. Investigate and make note of animals and plants that have parasitic relationships and describe why they are parasitic.. Head lice on humans gain food and a home. Humans get itchy hair..