PPT-Covalent

Bonding Bonding models for methane CH 4 Models are NOT reality Each has its own strengths and limitations Ga Standards Students know atoms combine to form molecules by sharing electrons to form covalent or metallic bonds or by exchanging electrons to form ionic bonds. Why do atoms bond?. Atoms gain stability when they share electrons and form covalent bonds.. Lower energy states make an atom more stable.. Gaining or losing electrons makes atoms more stable by forming ions with noble-gas electron configurations.. Co = Together. The Octet Rule. The octet rule says that all atoms want to have eight valence electrons, like the noble gases.. One way that atoms can follow the octet rule is by giving and taking electrons… ionic bonding. What is the arrangement of the electrons around each chlorine atom in Cl. 2. ?. 2, 8, 8. This is the same as the electron configuration of an atom of which noble gas?. Argon. When atoms bond . covalently. Chemistry. What are Halogens?. Halogens are a series of non-metal elements located in group 7 of the periodic table. The term “halogen” means. “salt. -former”.. . All halogens . have seven electrons in their outermost. Including Naming. Note: We likely won’t make it to covalent nomenclature, this is the one students find FAR easier than ionic. Please refer to the videos and naming hand out for help with this, and as always office hours, discussions, and . Valence Electrons and Bonding. The number of valence electrons (electrons in the outermost energy level) in an atom of an element determines many properties of that element, including the ways in which the atom can bond with other atoms.. Ball-and-stick model. Molecular . Compounds. OBJECTIVES:. Distinguish. between the melting points and boiling points of . molecular. compounds and . ionic. compounds.. Molecular . Compounds. OBJECTIVES:.  . 1) . SeF. 6. . . ________________________________________.  . 2) . TeO. 3 . . ________________________________________.  . 3) . H. 2. O. . . ________________________________________.  . Phosphorylation is a type of covalent modification that activates or deactivates an enzyme.. a. ) A . kinase activates an . inactive enzyme . by phosphorylation. . b. ) A . phosphatase activates . an inactive . Types of bonds. Ionic bonding. results from electrostatic attractions among ions, which are formed by the . transfer. of one or more electrons from one atom to another.. Covalent bonding. results from . Ionic bonds . result when electrons are transferred between atoms. Covalent bonds . result when valence electrons are shared between atoms. Types of Bonds. Formed between a . metal. and a . non-metal. Mrs. Page. Essential Idea. Lewis (electron dot) structures show the electron domains in the valence shell and are used to predict molecular shape. .. Nature of Science. Scientists . use models as representatives of the real world – the development of the model of molecular shapes (VSEPR) to explain observable properties.. 6.2. Molecules. Molecules – a neutral group of atoms held together by . covalent. bonds. Molecular compound – a . cmpd. whose simplest units are molecules. Chemical formula – indicates relative # of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound by using atomic symbols & subscripts. The Covalent Bond. Section 9.1. Worldwide, scientists are studying ways to increase food supplies, reduce pollution, and prevent disease. Understanding the chemistry of compounds that make up fertilizers, pollutants, and materials that carry genetic information is essential in developing new technologies in these areas. An understanding of the chemistry of compounds requires an understanding of their bonding..