Development Eriksons 8 Stages of Development B2 Trust v Mistrust 24 Autonomy v Shame amp Doubt 46 Initiative v Guilt 612 Industry v Inferiority 1319 Identity v Role Confusion ID: 555097
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Slide1
Developmental Theory
DevelopmentSlide2
Erikson’s 8 Stages of Development
(B-2): Trust v. Mistrust
(2-4): Autonomy v. Shame & Doubt
(4-6): Initiative v. Guilt
(6-12): Industry v. Inferiority
(13-19): Identity v. Role Confusion
(20’s & 30’s): Intimacy v. Isolation
(40’s, 50’s & 60’s):
Generativity
v. Stagnation
(70’s & Up): Ego Integrity v. DespairSlide3
Trust v. Mistrust
Hope
Considered the most important stage of development because it sets the stage for all of the other stages.Slide4
Autonomy v. Shame & Doubt
Independence
The child learns to say “no” in this stage to assert themselves as separate individuals.Slide5
Initiative v. Guilt
Curiosity
The child often asks “why” in this stage.Slide6
Industry v. Inferiority
Skill/Competence
This is the stage in which the child tries to find out what they are good at and develop a skill. Boys especially are competitive but girls can be too.Slide7
Identity v. Role Confusion
Self-Esteem
The stage in which teenagers attempt to find themselves and fit in with others at the same time.
Role Confusion can be expressed in 5 major ways: Drugs/Alcohol, Bullying/Violence, Depression/Suicide, Eating Disorders, PromiscuitySlide8
Intimacy v. Isolation
Love
This is the stage in which the individual attempts to connect to another human being. If the person can communicate and share, they experience intimacy.
People can be married and still be isolated. It shows itself in the same ways that role confusion appears.
Erikson considered stages 5 & 6 the most closely related stages and said you need identity to experience intimacy.Slide9
Generativity v. Stagnation
Purpose
The stage in which the parent serves as a role model for the younger generation. Mid-life Crisis is a synonym for stagnation when it is not handled well.Slide10
Ego Integrity v. Despair
Wisdom
Integrity is achieved when one looks back over their life and is satisfied.
Despair usually shows itself in 2 ways: depression and hostilitySlide11
Bullying
Occurs most during Middle School
Boys bully physically while girls bully verbally
Girls hang on to bullying situations longer than boys.
Schools have a moral obligation to help students overcome being bullied.Slide12
Depression
3 kinds of depression:
1) Mild-Moderate
2) Severe
3) ManicSlide13
Depression Signs
Changes in eating/sleeping habits
Sadness/Withdrawal/Apathy
Aggression/Irritation/Violence
Drug & Alcohol Use
Drop in Grades
PromiscuitySlide14
Depression Causes
Loss
Relationship and Family Problems
School Pressures/Grades
Financial Problems
Trauma
Drug & Alcohol Use
GeneticsSlide15
Depression Treatments
For Mild/Moderate: Exercise, Diet, Therapy
For Severe/Manic: Medication as needed
Support groups, alternative/herbal, meditation, readingSlide16
Suicide
Females attempt 3/1
Males commit 3/1
Males use more violent methodsSlide17
Suicide Myths
Only crazy people attempt suicide
Attempting suicide makes a person less likely to attempt again
Talking about suicide increases the risk of a person committing suicide
Once you see depressed people get better, they are no longer at riskSlide18
Eating Disorders
Anorexia
Bulimia
ObesitySlide19
Anorexia
Definition: 15% or more under normal body weight
Distorted body image
Disgust for foodSlide20
Anorexia Characteristics
Upper-middle class whites, ages 15-35
Perfectionism issues
Over-controlling mother-daughter relationships
95% female & 5% maleSlide21
Bulimia
Bulimics are usually within 5 pounds of normal body weight
2 Kinds: Binge-Purge & Binge-Non Purge
Correlation between bulimia and past sexual abuse
90% female & 10% maleSlide22
Obesity
Definition: 30% or more over normal body weight and 30-40% in the U.S. are considered obese
#1 Killer in the U.S. today is Diabetes, caused by obesity.Slide23
Promiscuity
U.S. has the #1 teen pregnancy rate in the industrialized world (Sweden is #2)
50% of all teens have had intercourse by high school graduation (Stat. is falling in the last 10 years)
40% of all sexually active females will be pregnant by age 17
80% of all those pregnant by age 17 will be pregnant again by age 19
15% of high
schoolers
have had sex with 4 or more partners throughout high schoolSlide24
Promiscuity
Average age of the father of the child is 23
90% of these men leave
50% of teen mothers graduate high school
The abuse rate among teen mothers is 3 times the normal population of mothersSlide25
Birth Control
2 most effective methods not including abstinence: Pill & Condom
2 least effective methods: Rhythm & WithdrawalSlide26
Abstinence
Definition: Refraining from sexual intercourse until marriage
2 Main Factors: Faith & Father who verbalizes loveSlide27
Rape
Rape: The forced act of sexual Intercourse
2 kinds of rapists: Date/Acquaintance & SerialSlide28
Date/Acquaintance Rape
80% of all rapes are date/acquaintance (victim knows the rapist in some fashion)
Most likely place is in connection with the college scene
Alcohol/Drugs are involved in 50-60% of all rapesSlide29
Personality of the date/acquaintance Rapist
Macho, narcissistic, aggressive, history of aggression/violence, believes that he is a “gift” to girls and that they want him. Believes that it is not rape, but desired sex.
Ages 15-30, Single, White
Might even ask her out again
Follows her for an average of 2 weeks before he “strikes.”Slide30
Serial Rape
20% of all rapes are serial rapes
Rapist does not know the victim
Alcohol/Drugs are not involved
Rape is typically more violent and dangerous
A weapon is often carried
No commonality of locationSlide31
Personality of the Serial Rapist
Typically violent, possibly dangerous and history of violent attacks, possibly a sociopath
Ages 30-50, could be married or single, could have kids or not, typically minoritySlide32
Preventing Rape Before it Happens
Be aware of
your surroundings
Trust your instincts
Travel in pairs/packs
Stay drug/alcohol freeSlide33
Preventing Date Rape as it Happens
Don’t plan to physically win the battle
Tell him who you are and what he’s doing
Use the word rape
Make sure he knows you will follow through with prosecution and exposing himSlide34
Preventing Serial Rape as it Happens
Humanize yourself
Tell him your name, point out your family
Ask if he would want this to happen to someone he cared about
Continue to humanize yourself and
to talkSlide35
Statutory Rape
Consensual sex between 2 people in which one is under the age of 18 and one is over the age of 18 (California). Some states have the age of consent at 17.
Some states have a shield law in which the law is not enforced if the relationship has existed for more than 2 years and the age difference is less than 2 years (California is not one of those states)Slide36
Statutory Rape Cont’d
2 ways of being “discovered”
Breakup which turns into hate
Parents who turn over the boyfriendSlide37
Stage 8 - Erikson
The stage in which the person looks back over their life and determines whether they have lived a satisfactory life or whether they have lived a regretful life.Slide38
Death & Dying
Elizabeth
Kubler
-Ross
5 Stages of death & dying
-Denial: inability to admit death
-Anger: overcome by angry emotions
-Bargaining: promising to do more
-Depression: withdrawing from others
-Acceptance: coming to terms with mortality
-Hope: thinking about the welfare of othersSlide39
Death & Dying
People can go through any order and be in one stage or get through all of the stages
Most people do get to acceptance at
some pointSlide40
Test 3 Review
10 Questions: Matching Erikson Stages with their basic meanings
8
Questions: Matching Erikson stages with their virtues
5 Questions: Matching
Kubler
-Ross stages with their basic meanings
2 Questions:
Kubler
-Ross StagesSlide41
Test 3 Review Cont’d
5 Questions: Bullying
5 Questions: Depression & Suicide
5 Questions: Eating Disorders
6 Questions: Promiscuity
4 Questions: Rape
Essay: Erikson’s 5 stage – Role Confusion Issues.Slide42
Test 3 Essay
Using Erikson’s 5
th
stage as a guide, discuss the importance of having good self esteem as a teenager and what can happen if a teen falls into role confusion. Include a paragraph on each of bullying, depression, eating disorders, and promiscuity. Discuss each problem and how teens deal with them effectively
or ineffectively.