PDF-Diffraction Methods in the Study of Protein Dynamics and Enzyme Mechan

Introduction Determination Notes on Electron Density Maps and their Interpretation Time averaged dynamics Crystallographic Temperature Factors The TLS Model Applications of TLS Anal. Textbook sections 28-4 – 28-6. Physics 1161:. . . Lecture 21. Recall. Interference . (at least 2 coherent waves). Constructive (full wavelength difference). Destructive (½ wavelength difference). Wave Optics. The wave nature of light is needed to explain various phenomena. Interference. Diffraction. The . particle nature of light was the basis for ray (geometric) . optics. Light waves interfere with each other much like mechanical waves do. Diffraction of light when two fingers brought close together . infront of a light source . Diffraction by razor blade when illuminated by intense blue light . “light is never known to follow . crooked passages nor to . Pg. 459 - 461. Properties of Waves. In order to study the properties of waves, a ripple tank is used. A shallow, glass-bottomed tank on left. ~2cm of water is added. Light from a source above the tank passes through the water and illuminates a screen on the table below. Chapter. 36. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.. 36-1. Single-Slit Diffraction. 36.01 . Describe the diffraction of light waves by a narrow opening and an edge, and also describe the resulting interference pattern.. Zone plate. Laser-beam . diffraction. A lens transforms a Fresnel . diffraction problem to a . . Fraunhofer. diffraction problem.. The lens as a Fourier transformer. Diffraction gratings & spectrometers. Introduction:. All . enzyme assays measure either the. consumption of substrate or production of product over time. . Different enzymes require different estimation methods . dependingon. the type of . History. 1895. Wilhelm Conrad R. ӧ. ntgen. discovered . X-rays. 1905 . Albert Einstein introduces the concept of photons (concept not accepted until 1922). 1913 . Max von . Laue, . Walter Friedrich . Topic 2: . Enzyme. . Kinetics. What is an Enzyme?.  . Enzymes: .  are biological molecules (proteins) that act as . catalysts*.  and help complex reactions . take place. Basically, they . break a protein down into its amino . Diffraction of Light. Newton pointed . out in his 1704 book . Opticks. , that "Light is never known to follow crooked passages nor to bend into the shadow". . This concept is consistent with the particle theory, which proposes that light particles must always travel in straight lines.. Derek A. Wann. University of Edinburgh. Workshop on Ultrafast Electron Sources. UCLA. 14. th. December . 2012. . Acknowledgements. Funding:. Stuart . Young. Matthew. Robinson. Paul. Lane. Overview. Physics . 2212. Light. Light has Wave properties. Light can Diffract. Light can Interfere. Constructively. Destructively. Wave Fronts. Lines that are perpendicular to the motion of the wave, indicate the location of the crests in the waves that are traveling together.. Introduction:. All . enzyme assays measure either the. consumption of substrate or production of product over time. . Different enzymes require different estimation methods . dependingon. the type of . 6-x. Au. x. system hosts the first known example of an elastic quantum critical point. Neutron and x-ray diffraction measurements were performed to study the structural properties as a function of temperature and Au-composition. First principle calculations confirm that the phase transition is driven by an elastic instability and is independent of electronic properties. Heat capacity measurements indicate the presence of quantum fluctuations at the critical composition.