surveillance city Dr David Murakami Wood Canada Research Chair in Surveillance Studies Queens University Ontario dmwqueensuca Control Society Deleuze postpanoptic Control Society ID: 434398
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Slide1
smart city
surveillance city
Dr David Murakami WoodCanada Research Chair in Surveillance Studies, Queen’s University, Ontariodmw@queensu.caSlide2Slide3
Control Society
Deleuze, post-panoptic ‘Control Society’
Inculcation of morality replaced by modulation of flows Breaking down of people and things into constituents: data subjects, digital sorting: “ʻdividualsʼ… made of codes”
Alex Galloway:
protocological
world
‘Spatial protocol’: highly
restrictive and controlling rules embedded within the
environmentSlide4
A note on theory
Control / Discipline / Authority always exist together (in different ways)Resources for social ordering Bringing Neil Smith together with critical IPE theory, I identify an ‘uneven security development’
Also: techno-futures as virtual (Brian Massumi), ‘fantastic’ (Jodi Dean) or Utopian (Katherine Hayles)Slide5
Smart Cities
‘Cities like Rio de Janeiro are integrating intelligence and smart technology into their operations to run better and make “dumb, rude, and dirty” traits of the past’. (SAP Business Trends, 2013)
Rio Smart CitySlide6
Surveillance and Smart Cities
Promoters generally do not acknowledge central place of ‘surveillance’ within smart city
projectsBut smart cities are inevitably surveillant cities: intensive management of urban flows requires information about everything that moves in the citySlide7
surveillance and s
mart cities
IBM 2013 report on its Smarter Cities program:
The
availability of vast collections of data about all aspects of city life makes it possible for civic leaders to understand how things really work so they can make better decisions. Much of this data comes from sensors and video cameras that are being used to monitor everything from public safety to traffic jams. In addition, city agencies are increasingly sharing their data with one another and with the public. This allows leaders to get a holistic view of the city, and to unlock the value of all of that data they’re collecting.
(2013: 6)Slide8Slide9
1990s – increasing concern about ‘unruliness’ of cities and crime / urban terrorism terrorism) + Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT)
Answers always involved surveillance: distributed sensor platforms and computer analyticsPolicing – both visual and digital turn: crime mapping, predictive policing models etc.
Securitizing Smart CitiesSlide10
Some ‘smarter City’ projects overt about security e.g. Durham, NC boasts of ‘police analytics’ reducing crime and reducing educational and economic disparities
After 9/11 in US – demand for the immediate implementation of ubiquitous city strategies for security reasons Funding via Homeland Security and post-2008 stimulus - integration of CCTV, emergency services, analytics… Construction of multi-agency ‘Fusion Centers’
Now recombination e.g.: ‘smart border’ projects‘Domain Awareness’ initiatives (Oakland, NYC)
Securitizing
S
mart
C
itiesSlide11Slide12Slide13
The machine-readable world
Ubiquitous Computing (ubicomp)
is ubiquitous surveillance (ubisurv) (c.f. Alberto Araya)You can flee the city, but… surveillance is everywhereKitchen & Dodge (2011) Code/
Space
Haggerty &
Trottier
(2013) on ‘monitoring beyond the human’
Smart homes, Smart Cities, ‘
brandscapes
’… Slide14
Automating Securityscapes
Rafael ADS Sentry
-Tech Stationary Remote Controlled Weapon Station (Israel / Palestine)Slide15
Automating Securityscapes
EADS
Cassidian integrated Border Surveillance Solution (Saudi Arabia)StationSlide16
Surveillancescapes
G-Max UPDS Perimeter Intrusion
Detection system Slide17
Surveillancescapes
Some pics and text
G-Max UPDS Perimeter Intrusion Detection systemSlide18
Towards ambient government?
Technologies of government increasingly distributed and networkedIf security is the primary purpose of government, and security can be embedded in anything, then government can be ‘ambient’ – all around us, part of the environment
‘Naturalization’ of government is a hiding of politics:‘smart cities’ building in subtle forms of socialization and behavioral conditioning – like a digital Tony Blair.Slide19
Towards ambient government?
Reminder: fantasies are never fully realized – unevenness, incompleteness, breakdown, failure, revelation resistance, revolution
However, is the political already so devalued that this will not attract major resistance or even notice?What forms of revelation are possible? From visibility or legibilityPrivacy is not very useful either as a basis for theory or for praxis in this contextSlide20
Sousveillance?Slide21
Obscurity and Illegibility?
Adam Harvey’s ‘CV Dazzle’ anti-face recognition make-upSlide22
Destruction?
German activists destroy video surveillance cameras as part of an urban ‘game’