Summer of 2015 Old testament survey - PowerPoint Presentation

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Summer of 2015 Old testament survey - PPT Presentation

Summer of 2015 Old testament survey Highland Presbyterian Church Theological narrative and deuteronomic history IN OTHER WORDS never let the truth get in the way of a good story Highland Presbyterian Church ID: 768559

judges joshua lord god joshua judges god lord people israel battle land jericho testament tribes general survey city outline

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Summer of 2015 Old testament survey Highland Presbyterian Church

Theological narrative and deuteronomic history(IN OTHER WORDS, never let the truth get in the way of a good story) Highland Presbyterian Church

7/12 Session 1 Mythic Storytelling from a Hebrew Point of View: “ The Purpose of Humanity” 7/19 Session 2 Patriarch Legends and Literary Motifs: “Abraham, Isaac, & Jacob”7/26 Session 3 Moses, The First Savior: “Covenants, Contracts, and Community ” 8/2 Session 4 deuteronomic History: part 1 “ Joshua, Judges, and Conquest”8/9 Session 5 deuteronomic History: part 2 “We Three Kings”8/16 Session 6 Prophets of the Divided Kingdom: “Conscience of the King” “Theological Narrative and deuteronomic History ” (In other words, never let the truth get in the way of a good story.)

7/12 Session 1 Mythic Storytelling from a Hebrew Point of View: “ The Purpose of Humanity” 7/19 Session 2 Patriarch Legends and Literary Motifs: “Abraham, Isaac, & Jacob”7/26 Session 3 Moses, The First Savior: “Covenants, Contracts, and Community ” 8/2 Session 4 deuteronomic History: part 1 “ Joshua, Judges, and Conquest”8/9 Session 5 deuteronomic History: part 2 “We Three Kings”8/16 Session 6 Prophets of the Divided Kingdom: “ Conscience of the King” “Theological Narrative and deuteronomic History ” (In other words, never let the truth get in the way of a good story.)

Summer of 2015 Old testament survey Session 4: deuteronomic History (not letting truth get in the way of a good story ): part 1 “ Joshua, Judges, and Conquest ”

Summer of 2015 Old testament survey Session 4: deuteronomic History (not letting truth get in the way of a good story ): part 1 What do we mean by deuteronomic History?

deuteronomy 28 If you will only obey the Lord your God, by diligently observing all his commandments that I am commanding you today, the Lord your God will set you high above all the nations of the earth; 2 all these blessings shall come upon you and overtake you, if you obey the Lord your God:3 Blessed shall you be in the city, and blessed shall you be in the field. 4 Blessed shall be the fruit of your womb, the fruit of your ground, and the fruit of your livestock, both the increase of your cattle and the issue of your flock…. ……….. 15 But if you will not obey the Lord your God by diligently observing all his commandments and decrees, which I am commanding you today, then all these curses shall come upon you and overtake you:16 Cursed shall you be in the city, and cursed shall you be in the field…....

Summer of 2015 Old testament survey Old Testament / Hebrew Bible: Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua Judges Ruth1 & 2 Samuel1 & 2 Kings1 & 2 ChroniclesEzraNehemiahEsther Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song of Solomon Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi

Summer of 2015 Old testament survey Old Testament / Hebrew Bible: Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua Judges Ruth1 & 2 Samuel1 & 2 Kings1 & 2 ChroniclesEzraNehemiah Esther Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song of Solomon Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi

Outline of today’s class: Theories of Emergence of Hebrews into Canaan Review of the Text Main Theme(s) of Books of Joshua and Judges

Old testament survey General Outline of Joshua Joshua 1 God commissions Joshua Joshua 2 Spies sent to Jericho meet with Rahab Joshua 3 Joshua leads the Israelites across the Jordon Joshua 4 Joshua sets up 12 stones at Gilgal Joshua 5 Circumcision and Passover Joshua 6 Battle of Jericho Joshua 7-8 Battle of AI Joshua 9-10 The trickery of the Gibeonites ; Joshua comes to the Gibeonites defense Joshua 11-19 Summary of Joshua’s conquests; the distribution of land to the tribes Joshua 20-23 Cities of Refuge Joshua 23-24 Joshua speaks to his people; Covenant Renewal Ceremony

Judges 1: 27-33 27 But Manasseh did not drive out the people of Beth Shan or Taanach or Dor or Ibleam or Megiddo and their surrounding settlements, for the Canaanites were determined to live in that land. 28 When Israel became strong, they pressed the Canaanites into forced labor but never drove them out completely. 29 Nor did Ephraim drive out the Canaanites living in Gezer , but the Canaanites continued to live there among them. 30 Neither did Zebulun drive out the Canaanites living in Kitron or Nahalol, so these Canaanites lived among them, but Zebulun did subject them to forced labor. 31 Nor did Asher drive out those living in Akko or Sidon or Ahlab or Akzib or Helbah or Aphek or Rehob . 32 The Asherites lived among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land because they did not drive them out. 33 Neither did Naphtali drive out those living in Beth Shemesh or Beth Anath ; but the Naphtalites too lived among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land, and those living in Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath became forced laborers for them……….

General Theories of the Emergence of the Hebrews into Canaan 1. Exodus / Military Incursion (Biblical Narrative) 2. Peaceful / Gradual Migration (Albrecht Alt/Martin Noth ) 3. Peasant Revolt (George Mendenhall/Norman Gottwald )

General Theories of the Emergence of the Hebrews into Canaan The Biblical story may a cleaned up version of a very complicated history told in a stylized way. The ambiguities may still be present in the Biblical text.

Jacob (Israel) Leah Bilhah Zilpah Rachel Reuben(1) Dan(5) Gad(7) Joseph(11) Simeon(2) Naphtali(6) Asher(8) Benjamin(12) Levi(3) Judah(4) Issachar(9) Manasseh Zebulun(10) Ephraim

Tribes of Israel (as per Book of Joshua) Reuben Simeon Judah Dan Naphtali Gad Asher Issachar Zebulun Manasseh Ephraim Benjamin

Tribes of Israel Reuben Simeon Judah Dan Naphtali Gad Asher Issachar Zebulun Manasseh Ephraim Benjamin

Tribes of Israel Reuben Simeon Judah Dan Naphtali (Gad?) Gad (Ashur? / Asherah ?) Asher Issachar (Epitaph for BAAL?) Zebulun Manasseh Ephraim Benjamin

Tribes of Israel Reuben Simeon Judah (Sea Peoples?) Dan Naphtali (Gad?) Gad (Ashur? / Asherah ?) Asher Issachar (Epitaph for BAAL?) Zebulun Manasseh Ephraim Benjamin

Tribes of Israel Tribe of DAN? Joshua 19 The territory of its inheritance included…….. Judges 5:17b ….and Dan, why did he abide with the ships? Genesis 49:16 Dan shall judge his people as one of the tribes of Israel. Judges 18 And in those days the tribe of the Danites was seeking for itself a territory to live in; for until then no territory among the tribes of Israel had been allotted to them .

Old testament survey General Historical Timeline of Hebrew Bible (BCE) 1800-1400? Abraham and other Patriarchs migrate to Canaan (or develop from within) 1400-1200? Possible Exodus from Egypt (if historical) 1200-1050? Conquest of Canaan / Period of Judges (if historical) 1050-930? First Kings of a United Kingdom (Saul, David, Solomon) c. 922 Kingdom divides into Northern Kingdom (Israel/Ephraim); and Southern Kingdom (Judah) 722 Assyria defeats Northern Kingdom and captures capital Samaria 586 Babylon defeats Southern Kingdom and destroys capital Jerusalem 538 Hebrew exiles are returned from Babylonian captivity, when Cyrus of Persian defeats Babylonia, and begin to restore the Temple 334 Alexander the Great captures Palestine and Persia and Hellenizes the known world BRONZE AGE IRON AGE

Documentary Hypothesis (Source Criticism) J source (Jehovah or Yahweh) dated to 10th century BCE during Solomon’s reign E source ( Elohim/Ephraim) dated to 9 th century BCE during early divided kingdomD source (Deuteronomy) dated to 7th century BCE after fall of Israel prior to destruction of JudahP source (Priests) dated to 5 th century BCE during or immediately after exile What are the compilers of the stories saying to us?

General Outline of Joshua Joshua 1 God commissions Joshua Why does Joshua need to replace Moses as the new leader? Numbers 20: 7-12 7 The Lord said to Moses, 8 “Take the staff, and you and your brother Aaron gather the assembly together. Speak to that rock before their eyes and it will pour out its water. You will bring water out of the rock for the community so they and their livestock can drink .” 9 So Moses took the staff from the Lord’s presence, just as he commanded him. 10 He and Aaron gathered the assembly together in front of the rock and Moses said to them, “Listen, you rebels, must we bring you water out of this rock?” 11 Then Moses raised his arm and struck the rock twice with his staff. Water gushed out, and the community and their livestock drank. 12 But the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Because you did not trust in me enough to honor me as holy in the sight of the Israelites, you will not bring this community into the land I give them.”

General Outline of Joshua Joshua 1 God commissions Joshua Joshua 2 Spies sent to Jericho meet with Rahab Joshua 3 Joshua leads the Israelites across the Jordon Joshua 4 Joshua sets up 12 stones at Gilgal Joshua 5 Circumcision and Passover Joshua 6 Battle of Jericho

Rules of Holy ( qadosh ) War – a battle in which God is assisting because the outcome is important to God. Special hardship excused some people from having to fight (Duet 20: 5-8)The enemy should be offered terms of surrender. If they choose to surrender, they shall be subjected to forced labor (but they maintain ownership of their material possessions.) If they choose to fight and are defeated, they shall be put to the sword, but no trees shall be damaged in the process. (Duet 20:10-14) Where God deems, the defeated shall be completely destroyed and no spoils shall be taken. (Duet 20: 16-17) It is forbidden to rape any captive women. If a male soldier desired a captive woman, she must be brought home, allowed one month to mourn the loss of her family, and then legally married. If the soldier decides he no longer desires her, she must be released and not enslaved (Duet 21: 10-14) Camp must be kept ritually pure (as God might be present in the camp) Soldiers must not have sex and excrement must be buried outside of camp (Deut. 23: 10-15)

General Outline of Joshua Joshua 1 God commissions Joshua Joshua 2 Spies sent to Jericho meet with Rahab

Old testament survey Joshua 7: 3 So Joshua and all the fighting men set out to go up against Ai. Joshua chose thirty thousand warriors and sent them out by night 4 with the command, “You shall lie in ambush against the city, behind it; do not go very far from the city, but all of you stay alert. 5 I and all the people who are with me will approach the city. When they come out against us, as before, we shall flee from them. 6 They will come out after us until we have drawn them away from the city; for they will say, ‘They are fleeing from us, as before.’ While we flee from them, 7 you shall rise up from the ambush and seize the city; for the Lord your God will give it into your hand. 8 And when you have taken the city, you shall set the city on fire, doing as the Lord has ordered; see, I have commanded you.” 9 So Joshua sent them out; and they went to the place of ambush, and lay between Bethel and Ai, to the west of Ai; but Joshua spent that night in the camp…….

Old testament survey Joshua 7: 16 So all the people who were in the city were called together to pursue them, and as they pursued Joshua they were drawn away from the city. 17 There was not a man left in Ai or Bethel who did not go out after Israel; they left the city open, and pursued Israel. 18 Then the Lord said to Joshua, “Stretch out the sword that is in your hand toward Ai; for I will give it into your hand.” And Joshua stretched out the sword that was in his hand toward the city. 19 As soon as he stretched out his hand, the troops in ambush rose quickly out of their place and rushed forward. They entered the city, took it, and at once set the city on fire.

General Outline of Joshua

Joshua 24: Then Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel to Shechem, and summoned the elders, the heads, the judges, and the officers of Israel; and they presented themselves before God. 2 And Joshua said to all the people, “Thus says the Lord, the God of Israel: Long ago your ancestors—Terah and his sons Abraham and Nahor—lived beyond the Euphrates and served other gods. 3 Then I took your father Abraham from beyond the River and led him through all the land of Canaan and made his offspring many . I gave him Isaac; 4 and to Isaac I gave Jacob and Esau . I gave Esau the hill country of Seir to possess, but Jacob and his children went down to Egypt. 5 Then I sent Moses and Aaron, and I plagued Egypt with what I did in its midst; and afterwards I brought you out. 6 When I brought your ancestors out of Egypt, you came to the sea; and the Egyptians pursued your ancestors with chariots and horsemen to the Red Sea.

Joshua 24: 7 When they cried out to the Lord, he put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and made the sea come upon them and cover them; and your eyes saw what I did to Egypt. Afterwards you lived in the wilderness a long time. 8 Then I brought you to the land of the Amorites, who lived on the other side of the Jordan; they fought with you, and I handed them over to you, and you took possession of their land, and I destroyed them before you. 9 Then King Balak son of Zippor of Moab, set out to fight against Israel. He sent and invited Balaam son of Beor to curse you , 10 but I would not listen to Balaam; therefore he blessed you; so I rescued you out of his hand. 11 When you went over the Jordan and came to Jericho, the citizens of Jericho fought against you, and also the Amorites, the Perizzites, the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Girgashites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; and I handed them over to you.

Joshua 24: 12 I sent the hornet ahead of you, which drove out before you the two kings of the Amorites; it was not by your sword or by your bow. 13 I gave you a land on which you had not labored, and towns that you had not built, and you live in them ; you eat the fruit of vineyards and olive yards that you did not plant. 14 “Now therefore revere the Lord, and serve him in sincerity and in faithfulness; put away the gods that your ancestors served beyond the River and in Egypt, and serve the Lord . 15 Now if you are unwilling to serve the Lord , choose this day whom you will serve , whether the gods your ancestors served in the region beyond the River or the gods of the Amorites in whose land you are living; but as for me and my household, we will serve the Lord.” 16 Then the people answered, “Far be it from us that we should forsake the Lord to serve other gods; 17 for it is the Lord our God who brought us and our ancestors up from the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery, and who did those great signs in our sight.

Joshua 24: He protected us along all the way that we went, and among all the peoples through whom we passed; 18 and the Lord drove out before us all the peoples, the Amorites who lived in the land. Therefore we also will serve the Lord, for he is our God.” 19 But Joshua said to the people, “You cannot serve the Lord, for he is a holy God. He is a jealous God; he will not forgive your transgressions or your sins. 20 If you forsake the Lord and serve foreign gods, then he will turn and do you harm, and consume you, after having done you good.” 21 And the people said to Joshua, “No, we will serve the Lord!” 22 Then Joshua said to the people, “You are witnesses against yourselves that you have chosen the Lord, to serve him.” And they said, “We are witnesses.” 23 He said, “Then put away the foreign gods that are among you, and incline your hearts to the Lord, the God of Israel.” 24 The people said to Joshua, “The Lord our God we will serve, and him we will obey .”

What do we learn from the book of Joshua? Joshua is a great leader like Moses in many ways, able to part the waters. But, he is also a brilliant military strategists and fierce warrior. And Joshua is a leader that takes his fidelity to God seriously. Joshua is a leader like King Josiah What will we learn from the book of Judges? There were many leaders called Judges, some better than others. (They seem to get worse as the stories progress) None are as effective as having a King. (And the need for a king becomes more evident as the situation progresses)

General Outline of Judges Judges 1-2 The state of Canaan after Joshua Judges 3 Othniel and Ehud and Shamgar Judges 4 Deborah, narrative Judges 5 Deborah, song of Judges 6-8 Gideon Judges 9 Abimelech Judges 10-12 Tola , Jair , and Jephthah Judges 13-16 Samson Judges 17-18 Micah’s Idols, the Levite, and the Danites Judges 19-21 Levite and his concubine, the punishment of the Benjamites

The Repeating Pattern of The Book of Judges SIN JUDGE OPPRESSION REPENTANCE

The Judges oTHNIEL (Judges 3: 7-11) 7 The Israelites did what was evil in the sight of the Lord , forgetting the Lord their God, and worshiping the Baals and the Asherahs . 8 Therefore the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of King Cushan-rishathaim of Aram- naharaim ; and the Israelites served Cushan-rishathaim eight years. 9 But when the Israelites cried out to the Lord , the Lord raised up a deliverer for the Israelites, who delivered them, Othniel son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother. 10 The spirit of the Lord came upon him, and he judged Israel; he went out to war, and the Lord gave King Cushan-rishathaim of Aram into his hand; and his hand prevailed over Cushan-rishathaim. 11 So the land had rest forty years. Then Othniel son of Kenaz died.

The Repeating Pattern of The Book of Judges SIN JUDGE OPPRESSION REPENTANCE

The Judges EHUD (Judges 3: 12-30) Left handed: Put double edged sword strapped to inside of thigh Visits King Eglon of Moab, announcing a secret message for the King Ehud meets the King alone in the upper palace room. Ehud reaches between his legs, pulls out his sword and stabs Eglon Eglon’s servants delay entering but eventually find him dead.

The Judges Shamgar (Judges 3: 31) 31 After Ehud, Shamgar , Anath’s son, struck down six hundred Philistines with an animal prod. He too rescued Israel.

The Judges DEBORAH (Judges 4-5) Woman Judge with her Military General: Barak Deborah orders Barak to battle with Sisera . He refuses to go unless she comes with him and she advises that his honor will be usurped by a woman. Battle ensued and the iron wheeled chariots of Sisera become stuck in mud. Sisera flees on foot and goes to the camp of Heber, the Kenite Heber’s wife, Jael invites him into her tent, gives him some milk, and tucks him in, covering him with a rug. She then went “softly” to him and hammers a tent peg through his head.

The Judges GIDEON (Judges 6-8) Called by God while hiding in a wine press, beating wheat. He resists the call, but eventually agrees ; conducts several tests of God’s power. Gideon takes a large number of men and tested them and reduced number to 300. He equipped the 300 with horns and jars around the camp of the Midianites. Blowing horns and breaking jars in the night, he was able to create chaos and win the battle. Later he built an idol using precious metal from those captured.

The Judges Abimelech (Judges 9-10) Illegitimate son of Gideon (son of a concubine) Murders his other 70 brothers God does not send his Spirit to fill him. He goes to war and is a woman drops a mill-stone on his head. With his skull crushed, to prevent anyone from fining out that he was killed by a woman, he has one of his soldiers to stab him with his sword.

The Judges JEPHTHAH (Judges 10) God refuses to fill anymore Judges with his spirit, but the people seek out a leader on their own Jephthah, son of a prostitute, was mistreated by his people and fled, but had proven himself as a warrior The people beg him to lead them; he agrees if they will accept him back into community. God relents and fills him with the spirit He makes a rash vow to sacrifice the first thing to walk out his door if God will help in win; which happens His daughter ends up being sacrificed. One of the other tribes of Israel attacks his people because he left out of the battle. War ensued between the tribes, with the Ephraimites being slaughtered by Jephthah’s people (couldn’t pronounce “Shibboleth”)

The Judges samson (Judges 13-16) Barren parents told by Angel of God of child to be born and be a Nazarite Strength associated with long hair (think Gilgamesh) Samson kills lion (and eats honey) Samson marries Philistine and issues riddle. After Philistines kill his wife, he meets Delilah who also assists Philistines to learn the secret of his strength. After he tells, and she cuts his hair, he is captured and blinded. Samson grows back his hair, and regains strength and fidelity

Judges 21: 25 25 In those days there was no king in Israel; all the people did what was right in their own eyes.

What might be the broader story or point of the linkage of the individual episodes or vignettes in these books? Is the Book of Joshua a lesson on leadership? Is the Book of Judges a justification for a Monarchy? What else can we learn by looking beneath the violence and politics in the stories?

Theological narrative and deuteronomic history(IN OTHER WORDS, never let the truth get in the way of a good story) Highland Presbyterian Church