WORDS FROM SPORTS AND GAMES - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

WORDS FROM SPORTS AND GAMESAn even greater number of words and phrases from these sports and games have become generalized in meaning and have passed into our everyday language.check : from the game of chess, the warning which one gives to an opponent that his king is in danger.check in modem English are metaphorical extensions of the original term, including bank check and checked.Exchequer is likewise derived from the game of chess.

LESSON XIVSlide2

exchequerex·cheq·uer [ikstʃékǝr, éks--] n. ① 국고(國庫)(national treasury); (개인·회사 등의) 재원, 재력, 자력; (종종 the E-) (영국의) 국고금, 국고 예금┈┈• My ~ is low. 나의 재정 형편은 어렵다.② (the E-) 《영국》 재무부┈┈• the Chancellor of the Exchequer 재무장관.③ (the E-) 〖영국역사〗 재정법원(=the Cóurt of Exchéquer) 《옛날의 상급법원

》.Slide3

gamen. Old English gamen "game, joy, fun, amusement," common Germanic (cf. Old Frisian game "joy, glee," Old Norse gaman, Old Saxon, Old High German gaman "sport, merriment," Danish gamen, Swedish gamman "merriment"), regarded as identical with Gothic gaman "participation, communion," from Proto-Germanic *ga- collective prefix + *mann "person," giving a sense of "people together." Meaning "contest played according to rules" is first attested c.1300. Sense of "wild animals caught for sport" is late 13c.; hence fair game (1825), also gamey. Game plan is 1941, from U.S. football; game show first attested 1961.Slide4

Gamy/gameygamy [géimi] ɑ. (gam·i·er; -i·est) ① (엽수〔엽조〕의 고기가) 냄새가 나는《약간 썩기 시작하여 맛이 좋을 때》.② 《미국》 (얘기 따위가) 아슬아슬한, 외설적인.③ 기운 좋은, 다부진(plucky); 《드물게》 사냥감이 많은《숲 따위》.Slide5

Some words and expressions take us back to the sports of the Romans. - “ thumbs down " : the supposed sign of the spectators at gladiatorial combats that the life of a beaten contestant should not be spared. - desultory : ‘'jumping from subject to subject, random,“ comes from the Latin desultor, an athlete who leaped from one horse to another while at full gallop.

glad·i·a·tor

[

glǽdièitǝr

]

des·ul·to·ry

[

désəltɔ

̀ː

ri

/-

təri

] ɑ.Slide6

In the Middle Ages the sport of falconry was popular, and it has left its mark on our vocabulary. - Haggard originally referred to a hawk which had been captured at maturity and hence did not readily become used to captivity, keeping for a long time a wild, half-starved appearance. - lure was a bunch of feathers used to recall a hawk which had been let fly, so the original meaning of allure was to “call back one’s bird."Slide7

Hunting, especially hunting with the hounds, has given our language many expressive terms and phrases.In the phrase “ get wind of“ wind refers of course to the air carrying the scent of the animal being chased. “At fault" originally meant having lost the trail, fault in hunting parlance referring to a dog’s loss of scent. “in fault," “guilty of error.““ In full cry" referred to a pack of hunting dogs in pursuit of animal; cry here describes the baying of the hounds.

① 궁지

; (

짐승이 사냥개에게

)

몰린 상태

.

②

짖는 소리

《

특히 짐승을 쫓아가는 사냥개의

》;

굵고 길게 짖는 소리

.Slide8

From Bowling - bias : “inclination," originally the oblique course which a ball follow. - rub : as in the expression “ There’s the rub," an obstacle which impedes a ball or turns it from its course.Fluke comes from billiards, where it meant a successful shot made by accident.bandy is an old term from tennis and referred to a way of hitting the ball back and forth.

⑤

(bowls

구기에서

)

구기장

(

場

)

이 울퉁불퉁함

;

장애물 때문에 공이 빗나가기Slide9

obstaclen. mid-14c., from Old French obstacle, ostacle "opposition, obstruction, hindrance" (13c.) or directly from Latin obstaculum "a hindrance, obstacle," with instrumental suffix *-tlom + obstare "stand before, stand opposite to, block, hinder, thwart," from ob "against" (see ob- ) + stare "to stand," from PIE root *sta- "to stand" (see stet ). Slide10

Less active and somewhat less respectable forms of recreation have also provided their share of additions to our general vocabulary.Dicing had its devotees. - Hazard : meant originally a game of dice, the forerunner of craps . - Deuce : It is often used as a euphemism for devil, probably owes its origin to the exclamation of dismay from a gambler who has made the lowest possible throw, two. - “ Within an

ace of

" is also an expression derived from dicing,

ace

being

originally a term

for the single spot on a die, so the phrase means

literally “within one

point of. "

《

미국

》 (craps

에서

) 2

개의 주사위를 굴려 나온 지는 숫자

《2, 3, 12; 2

번째 이후는

7》; =CRAPS.

♣ within

an

aceof

death 〔being injured〕

자칫 죽을

〔

다칠

〕

뻔한 참에

.Slide11

recreationn. late 14c., "refreshment or curing of a person, refreshment by eating," from Old French recreacion (13c.), from Latin recreationem (nominative recreatio) "recovery from illness," noun of action from past participle stem of recreare "to refresh, restore, make anew, revive, invigorate," from re- "again" (see re-) + creare (see create). Meaning "refresh oneself by some amusement" is first recorded c.1400. A verb recreate "to refresh by physical influence after exertion" is attested from early 15c. and was used by Lyly, Pope, Steele, and Harriet Martineau, but it did not take, probably to avoid confusion with recreate.Slide12

Card games have of course provided many such terms. - fourflusher : “ a person who makes a pretense." : In poker a flush consists of five cards of the same suit, a relatively good hand, but a player with only four such cards may try to bluff his opponents into thinking he has a flush. - bunco

:

confidence game

,“ reflects

what happens all too often in

gambling

. It apparently

comes from

the Spanish

banco

,

“ bank,"

the name of an early card game.

⑫

〖

카드놀이

〗 가진 패; 경기자; 한 판 (승부).

Bluff: to mislead by a display of strength, self-confidence, or the like:

bun·co

[

bʌ́ŋkou

] n. (pl. ~s)

《

미국구어

》

사기

;

속임수 내기

,

야바위

.Slide13

Confidence gameany swindle in which the swindler, after gaining the confidence of the victim, robs the victim by cheating at a gambling game, appropriating funds entrusted for investment, or the like. Slide14

Card games have of course provided many such terms. - Aboveboard : also suggests that cards are not always played fairly : The idea behind the term is that the players should keep their hands “above" the table so that they cannot substitute cards.사실대로, 솔직히, 공명하게; 공명〔솔직〕한Slide15

substitutev. early 15c. in transitive sense, 1888 as intransitive, from Latin substitutus, past participle of substituere (see substitution ). Related: Substituted ; substituting. n. "one who acts in place of another," early 15c., from Old French substitute and directly from Latin substitutus, past participle of substituere (see sub-stitut (set up, erect) ion ). Team sports sense is from 1849. Slide16

ASSIGNMENT Learn the following combining forms and their meanings.

dipsomania

음주광

trig·o·nom·e·ter

[

trìgǝnάmitǝr

/-

nɔ́m

-] n

.

직각삼각계

(

計

)《

계기

》;

삼각법 학자

;

삼각

측량자

.Slide17

pentameteradj. 1540s, from Middle French pentametre, from Latin pentameter, from Greek pentametros (adj.) "having five measures," from pente "five" (see five ) + metron "meter" (see meter (n.2)). As a noun from 1580s. Slide18

geometryn. early 14c., from Old French géométrie (12c.), from Latin geometria, from Greek geometria "measurement of earth or land; geometry," from comb. form of ge "earth, land" (see Gaia ) + -metria (see -metry ). Slide19

telegraphn. 1794, "semaphor apparatus" (hence the Telegraph Hill in many cities), literally "that which writes at a distance," from French télégraphe, from télé - " far" (from Greek tele- ; see tele- ) + -graphe (see -graphy ). The signaling device had been invented in France in 1791 by the brothers Chappe, who had called it tachygraphe, literally "that which writes fast," but the better name was suggested to them by French diplomat Comte André - François Miot de Mélito (1762 - 1841). First applied 1797 to an experimental electric telegraph (designed by Dr. Don Francisco Salva at Barcelona); the practical version was developed 1830s by Samuel Morse. Slide20

photographn. 1839, "picture obtained by photography," coined by Sir John Herschel from photo- + -graph "instrument for recording; something written." It won out over other suggestions, such as photogene and heliograph. Neo-Anglo-Saxonists prefer sunprint. The verb, as well as photography, are first found in a paper read before the Royal Society on March 14, 1839. Slide21

periscopen. viewing apparatus on a submarine, 1899, formed in English from peri- "around" + -scope "instrument for viewing." Earlier (1865) a technical term in photography. Related: Periscopic. Slide22

microscopen. 1650s, from Modern Latin microscopium, literally "an instrument for viewing what is small," from Greek micro- (see micro- ) + -skopion, from skopein "to look, see" (see -scope ). Slide23

telescopen. 1640s, from Italian telescopio (used by Galileo, 1611), and Modern Latin telescopium (used by Kepler, 1613), both from Greek teleskopos "far-seeing," from tele- "far" (see tele- ) + -skopos "seeing" (see -scope ). Said to have been coined by Prince Cesi, founder and head of the Roman Academy of the Lincei (Galileo was a member). Used in English in Latin form from 1619. Slide24
Slide25

1. scopo- to view (compare -scope an instrument for viewing): f.2. dys- disordered + MORPH(o)- body: i.3. PED(o)- child: a.4. from L ballista ballista, from BALL- to throw: h.5. ERG(o)

-

work:

j

.

6. from hydrophobia (which here means rabies) +

-phobia

:

c.

Not

found

in any

dictionary

.

7.

ODONT

(o)- tooth:

e

.

8.

TOP

(o)- place: g.9. ANTHROP

(o)- human being: b.

10.

entom

(o)- insect:

d.Slide26

morbid*mor·bid [mɔ́ːrbid] ɑ. ① 병적인, 불건전한, 음침한; 《구어》 우울한┈┈• a ~ interest in death 죽음에 대한 병적인 흥미.a. ghastly, grim, gruesome, macabre, brooding, moody, saturnine, somber, sullen