Clinical Application Child Health Nursing 1 What are Infant Reflexes A reflex is an involuntary muscle reaction to a certain type of stimulation Occur subcortically below the level of the higher brain centers ID: 1038956
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1. Infant Reflexeslecture Three Clinical Application Child Health Nursing 1
2. What are Infant Reflexes?A reflex is an involuntary muscle reaction to a certain type of stimulation. Occur subcortically (below the level of the higher brain centers)Newborns’ reflexes to evaluate neurological function and development 2
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4. Infant vs. Lifespan ReflexesMost “infant” reflexes do not last beyond the first year.Infant reflexes may not completely disappear.May be inhibited by maturing CNS. May be integrated into new movements.Reflexes that are called “lifespan” reflexes.4
5. Stimulus / ResponseS: Touching palms R: 4 fingers (not thumb) close Disappearance 3- 4 months postpartumConcernsNo palmer grasp may indicate neurological problemsPalmar Grasp5
6. Stimulus / ResponseS: touch of lips R: sucking action Disappearance 3 months postpartumConcernsNo reflex problematic for nutritionSuckinghttp://newborns.stanford.edu/PhotoGallery/SuckingReflex1.html 6
7. Stimulus / ResponseS: touching the cheek R: head moves toward stimuliDisappearance 4 to 6 months postpartumConcernsNo reflex problematic for nutritionNo reflex or lack of persistence may be sign of CNS.Rooting http://newborns.stanford.edu/PhotoGallery/RootingReflex2.html 7
8. Stimulus / ResponseS: Suddenly but gently lower baby’s head R: Arms and legs extend Disappearance 3-6 months postpartumConcernsMay signify CNS dysfunctionMay indicate injury to one side of brainMoro8
9. Moro9
10. Stimulus / ResponseS: sudden loud noise R: Arms and legs flex Disappearance 4 monthsStartle10
11. Stimulus / ResponseS: turn head to one side R: Limbs flex on one side, extend on other sideDisappearance 3- 4 monthsConcernsFacilitates bilateral body awarenessFacilitates hand-eye coordinationTonic Neckhttp://newborns.stanford.edu/PhotoGallery/ATNReflex1.html 11
12. Stimulus / ResponseS: Touching the ball of foot R: Toes graspDisappearance 3-4 month OtherMust disappear before the baby can stand or walk.Plantar Grasphttp://newborns.stanford.edu/PhotoGallery/FootGraspReflex1.html 12
13. Stimulus / ResponseS: Stroking outer sole of upward R: toes to hyper extendedDuration12 monthsBabinski13
14. Stimulus / ResponseS: Infant upright with feet touching surface R: Legs lift and descendDisappearance 1 – 2 mothsOtherSometimes called walking reflexDevelopmental changes in reflex over timeSteppinghttp://newborns.stanford.edu/PhotoGallery/StepReflex1.html 14
15. Stimulus / ResponseS: place on abdomenR: Legs and arms move in crawling actionDuration2 monthsCrawling15
16. Stimulus / ResponseS: Sitting/standing, hold hands, tip in one direction R: Arms flex or extend in to maintain upright positionDuration3 months – 1 yearPull Up16
17. Blinking or corneal reflex Infant blinks at sudden appearance of a bright light or at approach of an object toward cornea, persists throughout lifePapillary: Pupil constricts when a bright light shines toward it, persists throughout the life.Eyes reflex 17
18. Nose:Sneeze: spontaneous response of nasal passages to irritation or obstruction persists throughout life.Glabellar: tapping briskly on glabella (bridge of nose) causes eyes to close tightly 18
19. Mouth & throatGag: stimulation of posterior pharynx by food, suction, or passage of a tube causes eyes to close tightly.19
20. Mouth & throatYawn: spontaneous response to decreased oxygen by increasing amount of inspired air persists throughout life.Cough: irritation of mucous membranes of larynx or tracheobronchial tree causes coughing persists throughout life, usually present after first day of birth.20