Why does ecology matter Ecologists complete investigations on the environment climate change farming energy food health green living and eco friendly products etc Example problems that ecology handles ID: 935425
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Ecology Ecology is the study of intera..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Slide2Ecology
Ecology
is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment; focus is on energy transfer – It is a science of relationships!
Why does ecology matter?
Ecologists complete investigations on the environment, climate change, farming, energy, food, health, green living, and eco friendly products, etc..
Example problems that ecology handles
:
How do humans affect the atmosphere and contribute to global warming?
How does the population of wolves in an area affect the population of rabbits?
Do clownfish and anemone benefit each other?
Slide4Why does ecology matter?
Scenario:
Imagine that there is an insect that lives on peanut plants growing on farms in Effingham County. Is there a way that we can limit insect damage to the peanut crops in order to decrease the price of peanuts at the store by 20 cents per pound?
Slide5Ecology
A. There are two parts of an environment :
____________- all of the organisms that live together and interact with one another.-
Living
factors
Examples: ___________, ______________, _____________, ________________, _____________
Slide6Ecology
A. There are two parts of an environment :
Biotic
- all of the organisms that live together and interact with one another.-
Living
factors
Examples: ___________, ______________, _____________, ________________, _____________
Slide7Examples of Biotic Factors in the Environment
Biotic means having to do with life or living organisms.
_________________- part of the environment that includes all of the physical,
nonliving
, factors.
Examples: _____________, _____________, _______________
Slide9Abiotic
- part of the environment that includes all of the physical,
nonliving
, factors.
Examples: _____________, _____________, _______________
Slide10Examles of Abiotic Factors in the Environment
Abiotic factors are characterized by the absence of life or living organisms.
Sunlight, soil, temperature, and precipitation are examples of abiotic factors in the environment
Slide11Biotic Factors
ECOSYSTEM
Abiotic Factors
Section 4-2
Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Go to Section:
Slide12Abiotic or Biotic?
Biotic (plant)
Abiotic (rainwater)
Slide13Abiotic or Biotic?
The air
temperature
is 45 degrees F =
The
soil
is made of rocks and minerals =
A
bird
lays eggs =
Bacteria
break down dead organisms =
The pH or the water is 2 (acidic) =
abiotic
abiotic
abiotic
biotic
biotic
Slide14Abiotic or Biotic?
Biotic
Biotic
Biotic
Abiotic
Slide15Which of the following is a relationship between abiotic and biotic factors?
A) The rain on an open field washes away soil
B) A hawk hunts a mouse and swoops down into the forest for the kill
C) A lake has very acidic water which causes many fish populations to die
D) A deer grazes in a field of grasses
Abiotic
Biotic
Slide16Ecosystems
Ecosystem
: An area containing an interaction of living and non-living factors in an area/region
Example ecosystems
:
South Georgia forests (pine forests)
Coastal Plains of Georgia
Okefenokee Swamp ecosystem
Clark’s Hill Lake Ecosystem
Slide17The organization of our world!
The earth is a biosphere
Ecosystems are the living and nonliving things in an area
Populations are a group of one type of organism living in an area
Slide18Ecosystem
- a community of organisms and its
abiotic
environment.
Abiotic + Biotic = Ecosystem
Slide19Hierarchy of Biology
Molecules
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organisms
Populations
Communities
Ecosystems
Slide20II. Organization in the Environment
_______________
- the individual.
Slide21II. Organization in the Environment
Organism
- the individual.
__________________- group of individuals of the same species that live together in the same area at the same time.
Slide22II. Organization in the Environment
Organism
- the individual.
Population
- group of individuals of the same species that live together in the same area at the same time.
Slide233. ________________- all of the populations of different species that live and interact in an area.
3. Community
- all of the populations of different species that live and interact in an area.
Animals found on the ocean floor
Slide254. Biomes are areas on earth that can be characterized by the climate, vegetation, and organisms that live in a specific environment.
Slide265. ______________
The part of the earth and its atmosphere in which living organisms exist.
Slide275. Biosphere
The part of the earth and its atmosphere in which living organisms exist.
Slide28Ecological Levels of Organization
Go to Section:
Levels of Organization
Slide29Slide30Slide31Slide321.
Tropical Rainforest
– hot, humid, heavy rainfall, tall trees, occur around the equator, many different species; most live in the canopy, birds, frogs, snakes, monkeys
Slide33Slide34Slide352.
Taiga
– coniferous forest; long cold winters; Canada; usually only one or two types of conifers- evergreen trees like pines, bear, caribou, deer, elk, beaver
Slide36Slide37Slide383.
Temperate Deciduous Forest
– Eastern U.S. ; leaves of trees change color, warm summers and mild winters; maple, oak, and elm trees, squirrel, deer, fox
Slide39Slide40Slide414.
Desert
– hot in the daytime, cold at night; dry; Africa; U.S.; Australia, plants and animals exhibit adaptations and behaviors that
help them conserve water; cactus, short shrubs, scorpions, rodents, and snakes.
Slide42Slide43Tundra
Slide44Slide455.
Tundra
– Cold; permafrost- soil is permanently frozen; little rainfall; soggy soil, Arctic; lichen and moss grow, caribou, arctic fox, arctic hare, owl.
Slide46Slide47Slide48Slide49Slide506.
Savanna
- tropical
grassland
with a few scattered trees; Africa; wet & dry season, have large grazing animals like zebra, elephants, giraffes
Prairie
– North American Grassland; U.S- very fertile soils
Slide51Slide52Water
Marine and Freshwater
Slide537.
Water Biomes
- controlled by abiotic factors like temperature, salt content, amount of sunlight that travels thru the water, distance from the land, and depth of the water.
Slide54A. Three types – marine, estuary, and freshwater
1.
Marine
– Base of the food chain is phytoplankton (producers) and zooplankton (consumers); ocean and sea biomes are divided into different zones
Slide55Slide56Slide572.
Estuary
– occur where freshwater flows into salt water; tidal changes cause salt concentration changes; nutrient rich due to run-off from land; large numbers of plankton
Slide58Slide593.
Freshwater
– 3 types depending on speed of water
A.
Fast moving
– rivers; producers and consumers cling to rocks
B.
Slow moving-
river grows wider as it approaches the ocean; deltas form due to sediment build up
C.
Still water
– lakes and ponds, divided into different zones; shore, open water, and deep water
Slide60Slide61Ecology is also about the interactions among the organisms and how they rely on one another.
The long term relationship between two or more organisms is called ______________.
Slide623. Symbiosis
A long-term relationship between two or more species.
Three Types of long term relationships!
Slide63Mutualism
A relationship in which both organisms benefit from each other.
Cleaner shrimp cleaning a zebra moray eel.
Bacteria found in human large intestines.
Slide64Slide652. Commensalism
A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.
Remoras attach themselves to sharks and feed of the scraps of food that the shark leaves behind.
3. Parasitism
One organism benefits while the other is harmed.
The
parasite
is the organism that benefits in the relationship.
The
host
is harmed
Slide68