Council IACUC General Training Ruth Rollin PhD Chair 8322659 rollinccsuedu Dan Schwartz DVM Attending Vet dschwartz01snetnet October 12 2018 edition ccsueduiacuc ID: 935825
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Institutional Animal Care and Use Council (IACUC) General Training
Ruth Rollin, PhD, Chair (832-2659)rollin@ccsu.edu Dan Schwartz, DVM, Attending Vet.dschwartz01@snet.netOctober 12, 2018 editionccsu.edu/iacucolaw.nih.govwww.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfareIACUC Central: iacuc.org
Slide2Animal Welfare ActEnacted in 1966, covers warm-blooded vertebrates except lab mice (Mus
), lab rats (Rattus), birds bred-for-research, and farm animals and horse not used in biomedical research.Registers animal dealers, exhibitors, carriers, and research facilities and requires annual reporting (CCSU is not registered)Has specific standards for transportation and care of dogs, cats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, and non-human primates and general standards for other mammalsMandates adequate veterinary care - Attending VeterinarianIs enforced by unannounced site visits by APHIS AC vets1985: Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), pain/distress, survival surgery, dog exercise, NHP enrichment, Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC)
Animal and Plant Health Inspection
Service - Animal Care
aphis.usda.gov/ac
AWA IACUCIncludes at least 1 veterinarian and at least 1 member not otherwise affiliated with the institution appointed by CEOReviews and approves confidential protocols for:
Justification of species and numbers of animalsProcedures to minimize pain and distressMethod of euthanasia (or other disposition)Inspects housing and study areas and submits evaluations to Institutional Official (IO) at least once every 6 monthsEnsures training of animal care staff and researchersAddresses concerns regarding animal care and use oacu.oir.nih.gov/nih-policies/reporting-animal-welfare-concerns
Slide4Public Health Service PolicyHealth Research Extension Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-158)
U.S. Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research and Traininggrants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/references/phspol.htm#USGovPrinciples (life sciences and medical research)Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 1st edition 1963 by NIH; 8th edition 2011 by ILARAnimal Welfare Assurance; IACUC, Annual Report CCSU no longer needs an Assurance
olaw.nih.gov
nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12910
Slide5Wildlife in ResearchAmerican Society of Ichthyologists & Herpetologists Guidelines to the Use of Amphibians & Reptiles in Research
American Fisheries Society, American Institute of Fisheries Research Biologists & American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Guidelines 2014American Society of Mammalogists Animal Care and Use Guidelines 2011Ornithological Council Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research 2010 Federal and state scientific collectors permits and import permits: Federal: fws.gov/endangeredCT State: ct.gov/deep/cwp/view.asp?a=2702&q=323460&deepNav_GID=1628#ScientificCollectionPermits
iacuc.org has links to many organizations
Slide6AAALAC
Association for Assessment and Accreditation for Laboratory Animal Care International(founded in 1965 as American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care)UCHC 1977 aaalac.org
Slide7Pre-college EducationPrinciples and Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Precollege Education — Institute of Laboratory Animal Research, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences
dels.nas.edu/global/ilar/Ilar-FaqThe Use of Animals in Biology Education — National Association of Biology Teachers nabt.org Responsible Use of Live Animals and Dissection in the Science Classroom — National Science Teachers Association nsta.org/about/positions/animals.aspxThe Science Service and ISEF Position Statement on the Use of Animals in Pre-College Science Research societyforscience.org
Slide8Animal Care (Husbandry)Environmental factorsChemical factors
Microbial factorsaalas.org
Notify Veterinarian of unanticipated problems
Slide9Pain and DistressBehavioral signs
Physiology & biochemistryNotify veterinarian of unanticipated problems
oacu.oir.nih.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/arac-guidelines/pain_and_distress.pdf
ACLAM: file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/position_pain-rodent-rabbit.pdf
Slide10Alternatives to Painful ProceduresUSDA Animal Care Policies (Google: “Animal Care Policy Manual”)
#11 Painful and Distressful Procedures (examples)#12 Consideration of Alternatives to Painful/Distressful ProceduresA search for alternatives is required to address reduction, refinement, and replacement (the 3 R’s) of animal use. Resources include databases such as MEDLINE, AGRICOLA, PsycINFO, and Web of Science.WMS Russell and RL Burch's described the 3 R’s (The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, 1959) altweb.jhsph.edu/pubs/books/humane_exp/het-toc
Slide11ReplacementSubstituting conscious living “higher” animals with less sentient materials”Lower" living systems: rodents, fish, invertebrates
Non-feeling systems: tissue cultures, Ames testComputer simulation: chemical reactions, dissectionsCh (REACHAcross™ software 92% + toxins; $3B)
Mouse Necropsy etc.: eulep.pdn.cam.ac.uk/Links/index.php
Fish, farm, wild, cephalopods others:
norecopa.no
Slide12ReductionUsing fewer animals to obtain the same amount or more scientific information Improved statistical design
Animal sharingImproved quality of animalsGenetic modified (GM)carcinogenicity models: Tg.AC and rasH2 transgenic and p53+/- and XPA-/- knockout mice
Slide13RefinementAltering experimental procedures to minimize discomfort
Improved control of painImproved technical skillsApplication of endpointsImproved instrumentationLess stress: telemetry Less invasive procedures Endoscopy/laparoscopyConfocal microscopyMagnetic resonance imagingBiophotonicsMicroCAT system
Slide14Drug ViolationsUSDA Animal Care Policy #3 --- Veterinary Care
Prohibits use of expired medical materials Prohibits use of non-pharmaceutical-grade chemical compoundsoacu.od.nih.gov/ARAC/documents/Pharmaceutical_Compounds.pdfRequires good record keepingControlled substancesEach secure storage site requires CT registrationct.gov/dcp/cwp/view.asp?a=1620&q=512944deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/categories.htmACLAM Formulary (3rd Ed 2005)aclam.org/books
Slide15Surgery & Aseptic TechniquesInstrumentsFacilitiesAnimal preparation
Surgeon preparation
oacu.oir.nih.gov/training-resources
Tech Aseptic Rodent Surgery: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2587003
Slide16Occupational HealthZoonoses
ProtocolrelatedTraumaAllergies>10% books.nap.edu/books/0309052998/html/1.html (1997) cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/index.htm (December 2009) ors.od.nih.gov/sr/dohs/Documents/IV.2%20Animal%20Exposure%20Program.pdf : lab rodents, lab fish, lab birds – tenatus (booster every 10 yr)
Slide17Euthanasia/Training
AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia (2013)avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf Internet training resources NIH OACU Guidelines: oacu.oir.nih.gov/animal-research-advisory-committee-guidelines NIH Training Resources: oacu.oir.nih.gov/training-resourcesAquatics Training ResourcesRodent BreedingRodent Restraint ProceduresRodent Blood Collection ProceduresRodent Compound Administration ProceduresRodent Genotyping & Identification ProceduresRodent Survival Surgery
Rodent Euthanasia ProceduresJoVE.com Journal of Visualized Experiments
Slide18Ethical Considerations Foundation for Biomed Research fbresearch.org
Scientific American sciam.com (Feb 1997 issue debate) February 4, 1966 Life Magazine, page 22
Slide19References on Animal Use Ethics
General Public:How does the NIH ensure animal welfare?grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/air/NIH_ensure_welfare.htmWhy are animals used in NIH research?grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/air/why_are_animals.htmFor Researchers & Institutions:Good animal care and good science go hand-in-handgrants.nih.gov/grants/policy/air/researchers_institutions.htm
Slide20Experimental Design and Statistics
Volume 55 Issue 3; 2014: academic.oup.com/ilarjournal/issue/55/3Refinement of Experimental Design and Conduct in Laboratory Animal ResearchAnimal Husbandry and Experimental DesignEvidence Should Trump Intuition by Preferring Inbred Strains to Outbred Stocks in Preclinical ResearchCritical Appraisal of Studies Using Laboratory Animal ModelsThe Significance of Meaning: Why Do Over 90% of Behavioral Neuroscience Results Fail to Translate to Humans, and What Can We Do to Fix It?The Place of Experimental Design and Statistics in the 3RsGuidance for the Description of Animal Research in Scientific Publications
Slide21ARRIVE / PREPARE Guidelines
ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) guidelines are intended to improve the reporting of research using animals – maximizing information published and minimizing unnecessary studies. – available at nc3rs.org.uk/arrive-guidelines (a United Kingdom site).A 20-item checklist was published in 2010 in PLOS Biology, can be downloaded from the ARRIVE website. These guidelines are useful to researchers and students in writing grants and publications and in making posters and other presentations. The ARRIVE website also provides a webinar, a slide presentation, speaker notes, and examples of completed checklists.For planning animal experiments, a new (2017) complimentary guideline is available at norecopa.no/prepare (a Norway site).