PDF-[EBOOK]-Science and Civilisation in China, Vol. 2, History of Scientific Thought

The second volume of Dr Joseph Needhams great work Science and Civilisation in China is devoted to the history of scientific thought Beginning with ancient times it describes the Confucian milieu in which arose the organic naturalism of the great Taoist school the scientific philosophy of the Mohists and Logicians and the quantitative materialism of the Legalists Thus we are brought on to the fundamental ideas which dominated scientific thinking in the Chinese middle ages The author opens his discussion by considering the remote and pictographic origins of words fundamental in scientific discourse and then sets forth the influential doctrines of the Two Forces and the Five Elements Subsequently he writes of the important sceptical tradition the effects of Buddhist thought and the NeoConfucian climax of Chinese naturalism Last comes a discussion of the conception of Laws of Nature in China and the West. Krystyna Bielecka. Instytut Filozofii, Warszawa. Poland. Ludwik Fleck. 1896 – 1961, born in Lviev. Polish-Jew physician and microbiologist. Author of the first system of. the historical philosophy and. Citizen Science. Overview. . What is . Citizen Science?. Why use Citizen Science?. Who is . using Citizen Science. ? . How does Citizen Science Work?. How can I get involved?. Cookies!. What is Citizen Science. Dr Julia McClure. A brief introduction to intellectual history. History of Ideas (Arthur Lovejoy and ‘unit-ideas’). Begriffsgeschichte.  (history of concepts). Intellectual History. Cambridge School (text in context). Curriculum Vitae Personal Data Place of Birth: Los Angeles, California Marital Status: Married, one child Office Address: Pitzer College, 1050 N. Mills, Claremont, CA 91711 Telephone: (909) 626 - I7Science Teaching may never be the same, once yuve seen The new, I magazine of ! all sciences... Ifral sciences! I Light up your class . . . with SciQuest-the challengin The second volume of Dr Joseph Needham\'s great work Science and Civilisation in China is devoted to the history of scientific thought. Beginning with ancient times, it describes the Confucian milieu in which arose the organic naturalism of the great Taoist school, the scientific philosophy of the Mohists and Logicians, and the quantitative materialism of the Legalists. Thus we are brought on to the fundamental ideas which dominated scientific thinking in the Chinese middle ages. The author opens his discussion by considering the remote and pictographic origins of words fundamental in scientific discourse, and then sets forth the influential doctrines of the Two Forces and the Five Elements. Subsequently he writes of the important sceptical tradition, the effects of Buddhist thought, and the Neo-Confucian climax of Chinese naturalism. Last comes a discussion of the conception of Laws of Nature in China and the West. Joseph Needham\'s Science and Civilisation in China is a monumental piece of scholarship which breaks new ground in presenting to the Western reader a detailed and coherent account of the development of science, technology and medicine in China from the earliest times until the advent of the Jesuits and the beginnings of modern science in the late seventeenth century. It is a vast work, necessarily more suited to the scholar and research worker than the general reader. This paperback version, abridged and re-written by Colin Ronan, makes this extremely important study accessible to a wider public. The present book covers the material treated in volumes I and II of Dr Needham\'s original work. The reader is introduced to the country of China, its history, geography and language, and an account is given of how scientific knowledge travelled between China and Europe. The major part of the book is then devoted to the history of scientific thought in China itself. Beginning with ancient times, it describes the milieu in which arose the schools of the Confucians, Taoists, Mohists, Logicians and Legalists. We are thus brought on to the fundamental ideas which dominated scientific thinking in the Chinese Middle Ages, to the doctrines of the Two Forces (Yin and Yang) and the Five Elements (wu hsing), to the impact of the sceptical tradition and Buddhist and Neo-Confucian thought. Spurious Coin constructs a cultural history of technical writing in the United States and the system of scientific knowledge and power it controls. Embedded in this history are tensions between scientific and liberal arts knowledge-making that render technical writing both the genuine and counterfeit coin of scientific knowledge within our culture. When scientific knowledge is made by scientists and engineers, it can circulate as genuine currency in an economy where communication makes knowledge. When scientific knowledge is made by liberal-arts trained technical writers, however, it circulates as spurious currency and threatens the purity of the knowledge economy. Because the stability of the scientific knowledge economy is at stake, scientists and technical writers often find themselves at odds over the value of scientific knowledge minted by non-scientists.Longo constructs this cultural history around a framework of five intellectual trends: the use of clear, correct English maximum efficiency of production and operation the need to contribute to a general fund of scientific knowledge for the betterment of the human condition the tension between the role of science and art within a culture and a redemptive urge to purify language and standardize practice. She also explores the role of mechanical engineers in designing management systems which rely on technical writing to control operations and profits. Historians of science and Sinologists have long needed a unified narrative to describe the Chinese development of modern science, medicine, and technology since 1600. They welcomed the appearance in 2005 of Benjamin Elman\'s masterwork, On Their Own Terms. Now Elman has retold the story of the Jesuit impact on late imperial China, circa 1600-1800, and the Protestant era in early modern China from the 1840s to 1900 in a concise and accessible form ideal for the classroom. This coherent account of the emergence of modern science in China places that emergence in historical context for both general students of modern science and specialists of China. Joseph Needham\'s Science and Civilisation in China is a monumental piece of scholarship which breaks new ground in presenting to the Western reader a detailed and coherent account of the development of science, technology and medicine in China from the earliest times until the advent of the Jesuits and the beginnings of modern science in the late seventeenth century. It is a vast work, necessarily more suited to the scholar and research worker than the general reader. This paperback version, abridged and re-written by Colin Ronan, makes this extremely important study accessible to a wider public. The present book covers the material treated in volumes I and II of Dr Needham\'s original work. The reader is introduced to the country of China, its history, geography and language, and an account is given of how scientific knowledge travelled between China and Europe. The major part of the book is then devoted to the history of scientific thought in China itself. Beginning with ancient times, it describes the milieu in which arose the schools of the Confucians, Taoists, Mohists, Logicians and Legalists. We are thus brought on to the fundamental ideas which dominated scientific thinking in the Chinese Middle Ages, to the doctrines of the Two Forces (Yin and Yang) and the Five Elements (wu hsing), to the impact of the sceptical tradition and Buddhist and Neo-Confucian thought. Spurious Coin constructs a cultural history of technical writing in the United States and the system of scientific knowledge and power it controls. Embedded in this history are tensions between scientific and liberal arts knowledge-making that render technical writing both the genuine and counterfeit coin of scientific knowledge within our culture. When scientific knowledge is made by scientists and engineers, it can circulate as genuine currency in an economy where communication makes knowledge. When scientific knowledge is made by liberal-arts trained technical writers, however, it circulates as spurious currency and threatens the purity of the knowledge economy. Because the stability of the scientific knowledge economy is at stake, scientists and technical writers often find themselves at odds over the value of scientific knowledge minted by non-scientists.Longo constructs this cultural history around a framework of five intellectual trends: the use of clear, correct English maximum efficiency of production and operation the need to contribute to a general fund of scientific knowledge for the betterment of the human condition the tension between the role of science and art within a culture and a redemptive urge to purify language and standardize practice. She also explores the role of mechanical engineers in designing management systems which rely on technical writing to control operations and profits. Spurious Coin constructs a cultural history of technical writing in the United States and the system of scientific knowledge and power it controls. Embedded in this history are tensions between scientific and liberal arts knowledge-making that render technical writing both the genuine and counterfeit coin of scientific knowledge within our culture. When scientific knowledge is made by scientists and engineers, it can circulate as genuine currency in an economy where communication makes knowledge. When scientific knowledge is made by liberal-arts trained technical writers, however, it circulates as spurious currency and threatens the purity of the knowledge economy. Because the stability of the scientific knowledge economy is at stake, scientists and technical writers often find themselves at odds over the value of scientific knowledge minted by non-scientists.Longo constructs this cultural history around a framework of five intellectual trends: the use of clear, correct English maximum efficiency of production and operation the need to contribute to a general fund of scientific knowledge for the betterment of the human condition the tension between the role of science and art within a culture and a redemptive urge to purify language and standardize practice. She also explores the role of mechanical engineers in designing management systems which rely on technical writing to control operations and profits. Historians of science and Sinologists have long needed a unified narrative to describe the Chinese development of modern science, medicine, and technology since 1600. They welcomed the appearance in 2005 of Benjamin Elman\'s masterwork, On Their Own Terms. Now Elman has retold the story of the Jesuit impact on late imperial China, circa 1600-1800, and the Protestant era in early modern China from the 1840s to 1900 in a concise and accessible form ideal for the classroom. This coherent account of the emergence of modern science in China places that emergence in historical context for both general students of modern science and specialists of China. What is research?. It is defined as the diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation into a subject in order to discover or revise theories, applications, etc. . Why is it important?. Enables us to discover new information about our world/environment.