A dichotomous key is used to identify organisms It consists of a series of paired statements or questions that describe alternative possible characteristics of an organism Binomial nomenclature ID: 792370
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Slide1
classification
Biology
Slide2Dichotomous keys
A
dichotomous key
is used to identify organisms. It consists of a series of paired statements or questions that describe alternative possible characteristics of an organism.
Slide3Binomial nomenclature
In the 1730’s
Carolus
Linnaeus developed a two word naming system called binomial nomenclature.In
binomial nomenclature
, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.
e.g.
Panthera
leo
(Genus species)
Slide4Larger groups
The science of naming and grouping organisms is called
systematics
.The goal of systematics is to organize living things into groups that have biological meaning. Biologists often refer to these groups as
taxa
.
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Slide5LINNEAN CLASSIFICATION
Over time, Linnaeus's original classification system expanded to include seven hierarchical taxa.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Slide6Slide7Kingdom
Kings
Phylum
PlayClass Chess
Order
On
Family
FatGenus
Guys
Species
Stomachs
Slide8Evolutionary phylogeny
The concept of descent with modification led to
phylogeny
which is the study of how living and extinct organisms are related to one another.
Slide9Clades
A
clade
is a group of species that includes a single common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor.Clades are different from Linnaean taxa because clades are monophyletic groups. A
monophyletic group
includes a single common ancestor and all of its descendants.
Slide10Another example on Pg. 520
Slide11cladograms
A
cladogram
links groups of organisms by showing how evolutionary lines, or lineages, branched off from common ancestors.
Slide12Slide13Derived characters
A
derived character
is a trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a particular lineage and was passed along to its descendants.
Slide14Three domains
Genomic analysis has revealed that two main prokaryotic groups are even more different from each other, and eukaryotes, than previously thought. So a new taxonomic category was established.
Slide15Three domains
A
domain
is a larger, more inclusive category than a kingdom.
Slide16Bacteria
– unicellular and prokaryotic
Archaea
– also unicellular and prokaryotic but live in extreme environments (volcanos, deep sea)Eukarya
– consists of all organisms that have a nucleus