1 What was the cause of the 1905 Revolution Battleship Potemkin How is the Tsarist regime shown US Doc Nicholas II to Bloody Sunday 2 Key Timeline 1881 to 95 Alexander III reaction crushing opposition ID: 768661
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1 What was the cause of the 1905 Revolution? Battleship PotemkinHow is the Tsarist regime shown? US Doc Nicholas II to Bloody Sunday
2 Key Timeline : 1881 to 95 Alexander III = reaction, crushing opposition 1893to 1903 Finance minister Witte, Tsar Nicholas II, ‘Great spurt = industrialisation 1904 War with Japan = strains Russia 1905 Bloody Sunday, Revolution 1905 October Manifesto = Duma , some elections 1906 to 14 increasing reaction, crushing opposition 1914 World War I = strains Russia 1917 February Revolution = Provisional Government takes over 1917 October Revolution = Bolsheviks take over 1918 first Russian elections 1918to 21 Civil War = Bolsheviks (Communists) consolidate control
3 Key Essay topics How successfully did the Tsars control Russia before 1905? What were the causes of the 1905 Revolution? What were the results of the 1905 Revolution OR How successfully did the Tsars control Russia after 1905? What were the causes of the February 1917 Revolution? What were the causes of the October 1917 Revolution? How did the Bolsheviks consolidate control over Russia by 1921?
4 Causes of the 1905 revolution : Long term problem s: geography, Russification , autocracy Industrialisation, Witte’s policy workers taxed & low wages, economic slump of 1902 Land: peasantry increasingly desperate for land in the face of hunger and poverty: poor harvest of 1900 & 1902 Tsars: Reaction of Alexander III-Police State, censorship, alienated intelligentsia, Nicholas II weak & indecisive . Opposition / liberals / revolutionary groups, many inspired by Marxism. Political assassinations. Failure of Russo-Japanese War 1904-5 Bloody Sunday- massacre of Fr Gapon et al
What caused the 1905 Revolution… 5 Aims:Must : List the main causes of the 1905 Revolution in Russia with facts Should: Explain and argue the most important cause You are going to prepare a paragraph answering the key question You must have a starter sentence. 3-4 factual examples. Explanation sentences. Links to other reasons Peasant discontent / country problems Political problems / Liberals Revolutionaries Russification / Nationalism Tsarist regime Economic problems – Witte - workers Russo-Japanese War Bloody Sunday Eg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYLJ_mlgQjg&feature=related
What caused the 1905 Revolution… 6 In groups you are going to prepare a paragraph answering the key question You must have a starter sentence. 3-4 factual examples. Explanation sentences. Links to other reasons Then present it to the class Russification / Nationalism Economic problems – Witte – workers Peasant discontent / country problems / land Tsarist regime Political problems / Liberals / Revolutionaries Russo-Japanese War Bloody Sunday Russia Land of the Tsars part 17 Eg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYLJ_mlgQjg&feature=related
Some numbers : Coal production 1880 3.2 m tons, 1900 16.1 m Population 1885 98 m 1913 155m St Petersburg 1881 928,000 1914 2.2 m Railways 1881 13,270 m 1913 43,850 Russification = policy of forcing Russian language on all ( eg Poles) 1897 Jewish Bund = organisation to fight for Jews’ rights Pobedonostev = ‘Grand Inquisitor’ = organised Alex III’s reaction Now draw the pressure kettle, Show who’s in the kettle (Russia) eg , population Show what’s heating up the pressure underneath And show what’s keeping the lid on (controlling)
Notes: Did Russo-J war cause Revolution? 8 Read Lynch Russia 1894-24 pg 31-32 Complete the following Notes: Russo-Japanese War : The Russian Government had 3 motives: To pursue… To obtain… To distract… Plehve was… Witte wanted war because….. The Path to war: Russia looked on Japan.. They expected… The Russian Gov. rejected…. Japan.. The Course of the conflict: Japan had embarked upon.. Their army & navy… Russian Baltic fleet.. Russia was forced to sign the… 4 reasons for Russia’s defeat were:
9 Reason #1 What were long term causes of revolution? Geography... Hard to control RussiaLack of development
10 Reason #2 What were the economic problems that led to revolution? Witte’s industrialisationSlums Better communications meaning more discontent Foreign loans... So...
11 Reason #2 Did industrialisation lead to revolution? Minister Zubatov organised UNIONS of workers to keep them under government control. But this encouraged them together and complain. LINK: War made industrial working WORSE Price inflation made basics expensive. = Anger and discontent grew among the workers in cities.
12 Reason #3 Why did peasants and land issues lead to revolution? Poverty... So...Redemption payments... So... Land shortages... Back wards farming... So LINK... Foreign loans for industrialisation?
13 Reason #3 Why did peasants and land issues lead to revolution? Poverty... So...Redemption payments... So... Still paying off debts of 1861 serfdom Land shortages... Because population growing Backwards farming... So don’t produce much LINK... Foreign loans for industrialisation?
14 Reason #4 Was the Tsarist regime to blame? Tsar Nicholas II... PersonalityRepression... Okhrana etc Autocracy... 1 man makes all decisions... So...
15 Reason #6 Why did war lead to revolution? Japanese wanted empire in Korea and Manchuria.Japanese attacked the Russian fleet in Port Arthur in Feb. 1904. War went badly wrong for Russia. Supposed to be a “…short, victorious war.” Wasn’t! Massive economic problems at home eg railways under strain= food shortages Shame of defeat
16 Plehve Minister of the Interior. ‘Small victorious war to avert a revolution’ - Witte was his main political opponent Witte wanted war – expansionism Assassinated by the SR in July 1904
What was it over: Warm water port at Port Arthur - Korea. 17
18
19 Russian and Japanese troops 1905
Bombardment during the Siege of Port Arthur 1904 20
Retreat of the Russian Army after the Battle of Mukden 21
22 Reason #5 Did Opposition caused the Revolution? Liberal pressure grows for reform1904 pressure for political reform growing & becoming organised. 2 organisations appeared: the League of Liberation the Paris Bloc. brought almost all elements of the opposition together. A clear warning sign for the Tsar.
23 Peter Struve Ex- Social Democrat formed liberal newspaper, “Liberation”.Created the Union of Liberation – brought together many Liberal opponents of the Tsar in Jan. 1904.
24 The Paris Bloc Sept. 1904 - opponents of the Tsar met in Paris to cooperate and formed the Paris Bloc.Contained Liberals, SRs, Social Democrats (Mensheviks) and nationalists. (Pre 1905 these groups are illegal) Aimed at the removal of the autocracy National self-determination A democratically elected government.
What caused the 1905 Revolution… 25 Aims:Must : List the main causes of the 1905 Revolution in Russia with facts Should: Explain and argue the most important cause Starter: Opposition Groups quiz, quiz, swap
26 #5 Did Opposition Liberals lead to a revolution? Zemstva Congress called for a law-making Duma . The Union of Liberation organised a “banqueting campaign” where honest citizens voted for a Duma . Put pressure on the government. Dec. 1904. Port Arthur fell. Liberals felt shame! Tsar made some concessions but insufficient to quell discontent. Call for a Duma continued.
27 Liberal: Paul MilyukovArranged Revolutionary Banquets (meetings illegal) – like one that preceded the 1848 revolutions in France. Enabled influential members of the intelligensia to express a desire for political change. Leads liberal groups into a ‘Union of Unions’
Notes: How did ‘Bloody Sunday’ lead to revolution? 28 Read Lynch Russia 1894-24 pg 33-37 Complete the following Notes: 1905 Revolution – ‘Bloody Sunday’ The course of events: It began on… Father Gapon … The intention of the workers was to… The role of the police… The events led to criticism of the Tsar as… Disorder Spreads: The reaction was… S ocial revolutionaries… Land and properties were… Non Russian Minorities… A Liberal ‘Union of Unions’… Mutinies: Aboard the Potemkin… This led to… Witte feared _________ and the Tsar made him…
29 Father Gregori Gapon & Bloody Sunday Orthodox Priest Headed the Zubatov Union of Russian factory & mill workers. 22 nd Jan 1905 - Led to Winter Palace at St Petersburg with petition for Tsar to relieve conditions. 1906 - murdered by Okhrana
30 Reason # 7 Did Bloody Sunday lead to Revolution? 22nd Jan. 1905 bloody sunday nicholas and alexandra 1971 Gapon’s workers went on strike peacefully marched to present a petition to Tsar. Troops to prevent attack on Winter Palace. Nicholas was not there soldiers fired killing 200 shock was felt throughout the land. Tsar not ‘little father’??? Results = General strike started Peasants land seizures etc
31 Bloody Sunday, 1905
32 The last straw? “Bloody Sunday was an explosive revelation … snapping the ‘sacred bond’ which had united the people with their Tsar”Historian Marc Farro
33 What were the results of Bloody Sunday? More strikes 1st on 30 Jan (unsuccessful), peasant uprisings & nationalist revolts. Continuing bad news from the war - the loss of the Baltic Fleet at the Battle of Tsushima. Formation of ‘Union of Unions’ May 1905 Peace: Treaty of Portsmouth, 6th Aug. 1905 – return of Witte Tsar offered concessions: a consultative Duma = advises but doesn’t make laws. Protests continued. Breakdown of law and order possible so…
34 Results: The October Manifesto, 17th October 1905.Nicholas promised reforms: -civil liberties, e.g. Freedom of the press, the right to form associations, relaxed restrictions on universities -extension of the electorate of the Duma ; - Duma could now suggest laws; -a constitutional charter (set of guaranteed freedoms and laws limiting Tsar)
Key Notes: 35 Read Lynch Russia 1894-24 pg 36-38 Complete the following Notes: 1905 Revolution – ‘Bloody Sunday’ Mutinies: Aboard the Potemkin… This led to… Witte feared _________ and the Tsar made him… Soviets: By Autumn 1905… A Soviet was… Government Recovery: On Witte’s advice… The Liberals claimed… The peasants were pacified as… Industrial workers…. The Soviets were… Witte was…
Key Notes: 36 Read Lynch Russia 1894-24 pg 36-38 Complete the following Notes: 1905 Revolution – ‘Bloody Sunday’ Mutinies: Aboard the Potemkin… This led to… Witte feared _________ and the Tsar made him… Soviets: By Autumn 1905… A Soviet was… Government Recovery: On Witte’s advice… The Liberals claimed… The peasants were pacified as… Industrial workers…. The Soviets were… Witte was…
37 Conclusions Industrialisation and urbanisation had changed Russian society socially and economically. Its people wanted political changes to reflect this. The 1905 Revolution was not planned. It was a spontaneous outbreak of national discontent. Liberals were active in demanding the creation of a Duma but many groups had worked towards this and some of them wanted to go much further.
38 Conclusions Tsar forced to grant concessions in order to stop revolution. He promised the creation of a Duma . Where were the revolutionaries???!!! HW Higher: p45-50 take notes using headings on p. 56 Int 2: p. 33, p. 37 questions.
39 Richard & Judy: TABOO Choose ‘Richard and Judy’ from the classThey have to sit facing away from the boardAim is to say the KEYWORD titleClass must explain it to them… but without using any of the words on the screen.
40 Marxist workersLeninBolshevikrevolution
41 Social Democrat MarxistLeninBolshevikrevolution
42 Liberal SlowDemocraticKadetOctobrist
43 Kadet LiberalFree speechRevolutionMiddle class
44 Narodnik PopulistPeasantPeoplewill
45 Octobrist LiberalRich1905duma
46 Narodnik PopulistPeasantPeoplewill
47 Narodnik PopulistPeasantPeoplewill