PPT-2-4 Deductive Reasoning

Deductive Reasoning sometimes called Logical Reasoning is the process of reasoning logically from given statements or facts to a conclusion Law of Detachment If p q is true and . In a deductive argument the premises are intended to provide support for the conclusion that is so strong that if the premises are true it would be impossible for the conclusion to be false An inductive argument is an argument in which it is thought - Charles Sanders Peirce. Using Models of Reasoning. A Return to Logos. Reasoning from Specific Instances. Progressing from a number of particular facts to a general conclusion. .. This is also known as inductive reasoning.. Deductive reasoning. , also . deductive logic. or . logical deduction. or, informally, . ". top-down. " logic. , is the process of . reasoning. from one or more . statements. (premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion. It differs from . Miaoqi. Zhu. The Scientific Method. What is Science?. Origin: . Comes from the Latin word “. scienta. ” – to know. Mirriam. Webster:. a: . Knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through the . A Framework for Audience Analysis. Background. Logic has been a formal academic discipline for almost 2,500 years. The 4th century B.C.E. Greek philosopher Aristotle first systematized formal logic, and university logic courses teach Aristotelian logic to this day. For much of western history, logic was one of the main branches of schooling (the classical curriculum consisted of grammar, logic and rhetoric). With the growth of more specialized disciplines and wider curricula in the 20th century, formal logic got lost in the shuffle. In its place, philosophers began formulating courses in what we now call critical thinking, or informal logic. Formal rules and the reduction of sentences to things like. Sub; legal method and legal reasoning. NITIN RANA. PARIKSHIT GAUR. PURNENDU . PuLKITPAL. . SINGH. RISHAB RAJ. RITIKA GAUTAM. Group MEMBERS ARE -. Deductive reasoning is sometimes referred to as top-down logic. Its counterpart, inductive reasoning, is sometimes referred to as bottom-up logic. Where deductive reasoning proceeds from general premises to a specific conclusion, inductive reasoning proceeds from specific premises to a general conclusion. . VS. . Inductive . Reasoning. Aristotle. . (Ancient Greek Philosopher). Start with a . premise. Premises lead to a . certain. conclusion. DEDUCTIVE REASONING. Sir Francis Bacon. (17. th. Century English Philosopher). Culminating Activity . The Social Science Research Project. The Age of Enlightenment (16th to . 18th Centuries) saw the emergence . of a new way or thinking and . approaching the world and its . workings. The Scientific Revolution, . Induction vs Deduction. Fogelin. and . Sinnott. -Armstrong describe the difference between induction and deduction as follows:. Deductive arguments are intended to be valid. Inductive arguments are not intended to be valid but still to provide a reason for the conclusion. To form conjectures through inductive reasoning. To disprove a conjecture with a counterexample. To avoid fallacies of inductive reasoning. Example 1. You’re at school eating lunch. You ingest some air while eating, which causes you to belch. Afterward, you notice a number of students staring at you with disgust. You burp again, and looks of distaste greet your natural bodily function. You have similar experiences over the course of the next couple of days. Finally, you conclude that belching in public is socially unacceptable. The process that lead you to this conclusion is called. Validity/Soundness Logical . Fallicies. What is the difference between these two arguments?. I am your teacher.. Today is either a weekday or a weekend day.. Today is not a weekend day.. Today is a weekday.. CT 101. Dr. Bowman. Deductive argument. A . deductive argument.  is an argument that is intended by the arguer to be deductively valid, that is, to provide a guarantee of the truth of the conclusion provided that the argument's premises are true. . To form conjectures through inductive reasoning. To disprove a conjecture with a counterexample. To avoid fallacies of inductive reasoning. Example 1. You’re at school eating lunch. You ingest some air while eating, which causes you to belch. Afterward, you notice a number of students staring at you with disgust. You burp again, and looks of distaste greet your natural bodily function. You have similar experiences over the course of the next couple of days. Finally, you conclude that belching in public is socially unacceptable. The process that lead you to this conclusion is called. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes – Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Deductive Reasoning Vocabulary Activity # 1– Warm Up     My mom was _______ because I refused to clean my room, so she punished me by taking away my phone.