PPT-Alkenes and Alkynes continued

Preparation of alkenes Preparation of alkenes continued Dehydration of alcohols The H and OH are removed from adjacent carbons Eg ethanol may be heated with sulphuric acid to create ethene. Objectives. Rules. Unsaturated. Alkenes. I certainly learnt to call ethylene . ethene. and propylene . propene. (see slide 1). Molecular formula. Alkanes. C. n. H. 2n+2. Alkenes. C. n. H. 2n. Alkynes?. Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatics. Types of Hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons contain C and H. There are 4 families, alk. anes. only have C-C single bonds, alk. enes. have at least one C=C and alk. ynes. Alkynes. Organic Chemistry. Second Edition. David Klein. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.. Klein, Organic Chemistry 2e . 10.1 Alkynes. Alkynes are molecules that incorporate a C. And Their Halogen Derivatives. IUG, Fall 2012. Dr . Tarek. . Zaida. Alkenes and Alkynes. 1. . Alkenes. are compounds containing carbon –carbon double bonds. The simplest . alkene. , . ethene. , is a plant hormone.. Orbitals. Natural gas?. Fig. 11.1. Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Structure Comparison. Bonding and Geometry. of Two-Carbon Molecules . 11.1 Structure and Physical. . Properties. The relative stabilities of related alkenes can be determined by measuring their heats of combustion.. The thermodynamic stability of the butenes increases in the order: 1-butene < cis-2-butene < trans-2-butene.. In a reaction catalyzed by mercuric ion, water can be added to alkynes to give enols, which then tautomerize to give ketones.. Hydration follows Markovnikov’s rule—terminal alkynes give methyl ketones:. Hydrocarbons . Essential idea. Structure, bonding and chemical reactions involving functional group inter-conversions are key strands in organic chemistry.. Learning outcomes . Understand:. Alkanes. have low reactivity and undergo free-radical substitution reactions.. 11-1. Alkenes are characterized by the presence of a double bond.. The general formula of an alkene is C. n. H. 2n. , the same as for a cycloalkane.. Common nomenclature for alkenes replaces the corresponding alkane suffix –ane with -ylene. . of Alkenes: Addition Reactions. Disparlure: sex attractant of the female gypsy moth.. (A type of . pheromone.. ). 2. I. Hydrogenation of Alkenes. Addition. Reactions. oleic acid. (unsaturated). stearic acid. Newehy. Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University. http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/melnewehy. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Alkynes. - . Alkynes. are . ydrocarbons. . that contain a . carbon–carbon . Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon. :. . contains one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds. alkene. :. . contains a carbon-carbon double bond and has the general formula C. n. Third . Edition. David Klein. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.. Klein, Organic Chemistry 3e . 10.1 Alkynes. Alkynes are molecules that possess a C. C triple bond. Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.. Acetaldehyde – of commercial importance. . - oxidation to acetic acid. . - dehydration to acetic anhydride.