Immigration Policies in The United States of America Supervisor - PowerPoint Presentation

Immigration Policies in The United States of America Supervisor : 1

INTRODUCTION 2

Rationale

Objectives4Briefly introducing immigration policies in the U.S.Presenting highlight features of the three preiods

5Outline

6Immigration Policies in 18th & 19th CenturyHistorical backgroundU.S. citizenship policies in 18th centuryU.S. citizenship policies in 19th century

Historical backgroundDeclaration of Independence (1776)Waves of immigrationCivil war (1861-1865)7

Citizenship policies in 18th centuryNaturalization Act of 1790Naturalization Act of 1795Naturalization Act of 17988

Naturalization Act179017951798Residence period2 years5 years14 yearsNotice time1 year3 years5 yearsEligible categoryFree White personFree White personFree white person9 Changes through three Naturalization Acts

Citizenship policies in 19th century10

Naturalization Act of 1870 Extending the naturalization process to"aliens of African nativity and to persons of African descent”.Other non whites were still excluded.11

Page Act of 1875Prohibiting convicts & prostitutes from all countriesExcluding labors from China, Japan, any oriental countries12

Chinese Exclusion Act of 188213

Immigration Policies in the 20th CenturyHistorical BackgroundPolicies in 20th Century14

Historical Background1880-1920: new immigration waveWorld War IWorld War IIRefugees: Jewish, Cuban and Vietnamese 15

Immigration Policies in 20th CenturyUnwanted immigrant exclusion policiesAsian exclusion policiesPolicies towards EuropeansThe return of AsiansPolicies towards refugeesImmigration reform policies16

Unwanted Immigrant Exclusion PoliciesThe Anarchist Exclusion Act of 1903: excluded anarchists, people with mental disabilities, beggars, polygamists and prostitutes.The Immigration Act of 1907: excluded women with “immoral purpose”, contract labor, people who could not earn money and people suffering from tuberculosis.17

Asian Exclusion PoliciesImmigration Act of 1907: limited Asians from immigrating through Hawaii. Asiatic Barred Zone Act of 1917: Asians were prohibited from entering the U.S.Johnson-Reed Act of 1924: Asians, Africans and their descendants were also excluded.18

Policies towards EuropeansEmergency Quota Act of 1921: established nation origin quotaJohnson-Reed Act of 1924: provided only 150,000 visas annually, prohibited Jews from arriving.The McCarran-Walter Act of 1952: favored immigrants from Northern and Western Europe and “highly-qualified” immigrants.19

The Return of AsiansMagnuson Act of 1943: an annual quota of 105 visas was set for Chinese.1946: Indians and Filipinos were allowed to enter.McCarran-Walter Act of 1952: Asian immigration was slightly liberalized.Nationality Act of 1965: established a “chain immigration and sponsorship” system.20

Policies towards RefugeesJewish refugees: 137,450 refugees were admitted thanks to the War Refugee Board and “Truman Directive”Cuban refugees: Cuban Adjustment Act was approved to provided refugees with privilege rightsVietnamese refugees: the Orderly Departure Program (ODP) and Resettlement Opportunity for Vietnamese Returnees (ROVR) program helped 759,482 immigrants settle in the U.S. 21

Immigration Reform PoliciesImmigration reform and control act (IRCA) of 1986: legalized 2.8 million undocumented immigrantsImmigration reform and control act (IRCA) of 1990: set a world immigration cap of 700,000 visas/yearIllegal Immigration reform and immigrant responsibility act of 1996: put enforcement, fines and sanctions on illegal immigrants22

Immigration Policies in 21st CenturyHistorical BackgroundPolicies under Bush Administration Policies under Obama Administration23

Historical Background24Legal and Illegal Immigrants Both increase in the 21st century A major part of illegal immigrants was Mexican Illegal immigrants – a big problem of the U.S.Illegal immigration leads to many issues

Economic RecessionComes from Dot-com Bubble and the rising price of the petrolUnemployment gets to high level Historical Background25

Historical Background26TerrorismThe September 11th event Terrorism was one major factor that changed the U.S. Immigration Policies in 21st century The September 11th event sets an alarm to the immigration system of the U.S.

USA Patriot ActHomeland Security Act and the Birth of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act of 2002Intelligence Reform and Terrorist Prevention Act of 2004Policies under Bush Administration 27

Policies under Bush Administration 28Border Protection, Antiterrorism, and Illegal Immigration Control Act of 2005Real ID Act of 2005Secure Fence Act of 2006Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007

Comprehensive Immigration Reform for America’s Security and Prosperity Act of 2009 DREAM Act of 2010IDEA Act of 2011Immigration Reform that Works for America’s Future Act of 2013Policies under Obama Administration29

U.S. Immigration in 18th and 19th Century :Nation formation – Citizenship policiesU.S. Immigration in 20th Century Political conflict – Different policies for different immigrants U.S. Immigration in 21st CenturyHighlight features30

Immigration policies in the 18th and 19th centuryImmigration policies in the 20th centuryImmigration policies in the 21st centuryFindingsConclusion31

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