By Group Captain MUHAMMAD AKRAM MANKASH WHAT IS LISTENING Generally listening is understood as hearing BUT LISTENING i s following and understanding the sound s monitoring gestures as in involves perception ID: 546935
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Slide1Slide2
On
Listening
By
Group Captain
MUHAMMAD AKRAM MANKASH ®Slide3
WHAT IS LISTENING?
Generally listening is understood as
hearing
. Slide4
BUT LISTENING
…
i
s
following and understanding the sound
s / monitoring gestures as in involves perception,…
hearing
is with
purpose.Slide5
Listening
(AS AN Acronym )L
I
S
T
E
N
LOOK INTERESTED & FOCUSED
INVOLVE & RESPOND
STAY SERIOUS
TEST UNDERSTANDING
EVALUATE THE MASSAGE
NEUTRALIZE Slide6
TYPES OF LISTENING
Active listening
Inactive listening
Selective listening
Reflective Listening Slide7
Types of listening
Discriminative Listening: Listening for something specific but nothing else (eg. a baby crying).
Appreciative Listening:
Looking for ways to accept and appreciate the other person through what they say. Seeking opportunity to praise. Alternatively listening to something for pleasure, such as to music.
Continued…Slide8
Empathetic Listening:
Seeking to understand what the other person is feeling. Demonstrating this empathy. Comprehensive Listening: Listening to understand. Seeking meaning.Critical Listening:
Listening in order to evaluate, criticize or otherwise pass judgment on what someone else says.
Types of listening
Continued…Slide9
Relationship Listening:
Listening in order to support and develop a relationship with the other person.Therapeutic Listening: Seeking to understand what the other person is feeling. Demonstrating this empathy.
Biased Listening:
Listening through the filter of personal bias.
Types of listening
Continued…Slide10
Evaluative Listening:
Listening in order to evaluate, criticize or otherwise pass judgment on what someone else says.Dialogic Listening: Finding meaning through conversational exchange, asking for clarity and testing understanding.
Types of listeningSlide11
The Listening Process
Begins with symbols - entering receiver’s sensory worldInvolves process of selective perceptionDepends upon listener’s
(a) Sensory
L
imitations,
(
b)
Degree
of
Alertness
,
(
c)
Conditioning
Entails
Nervous system & filtering by the mind
Continues with search for ways to express meaning
Ends by sending messageSlide12
BRAIN & SPEECH
(LANGUAGE, THOUGHT & CULTURE)
(CLT, TLC, CTL, LCT, TLC)Slide13
13
Brain & Language
Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
Language Acquisition Support System (LASS)Slide14
14
Brain PartsSlide15
15
Some of the Areas of the Brain involved in Language Processing Broca's area
Wernicke's
area
Supramarginal
gyrus
Angular
gyrus
Primary auditory cortex
Slide16
16
Semiotics(Signs & Symbols)
Linguistic
Signs
Nonlinguistic
Signs
LINGUISTICS
Verbal Aspects
Non-Verbal Aspects
Evolutionary
Etymology
Philology
Synchronic / Descriptive
Diachronic / Historical
Sociological
Eco / Green
Ethno
Applied
Structural
Arts
Gestures
Music
Paintings
Photography
Ceramics
Architecture
Dance
Sculpture
Proxemics
Kinesics
Body
Language
Gestures
Facial
Expressions
Variation in
Postures
Tactile
DistancesSlide17
17
Linguistics
Structural Linguistics
Semantics
Pragmatics
Forensic
Linguistics
Stylistics
Transtology
Lexicography
Phraseology
Discourse Analysis
Spoken
Written
Language/Speech
Disorders
Aphasia
Dyslexia
Aphonia
Asemia
Morphology
Lexicology
Syntax &
Grammar
Phonology
Phonology
Syntax &
Grammar
Phonology
Lexicology
Syntax &
Grammar
Phonology
Morphology
Lexicology
Syntax &
Grammar
Phonology
Phonology
Syntax &
Grammar
Phonology
Lexicology
Syntax &
Grammar
Phonology
Morphology
Lexicology
Syntax &
Grammar
Phonology
Morphology
Lexicology
Syntax &
Grammar
Phonology
Orthography
Phonetics
Phonemics
Applied Linguistics
Slide18
Brain and Language
Laura Myers and Lyndsay O
’
MalleySlide19
This is your
brainBrain cells are called neurons.You are born with at least 100 billion neurons.
Dendrites
(fibers) grow out of the neurons when you listen to/write about/talk about/ practice something.Slide20
The
READING BRAINReading can be learned only because of the brain’s plastic design, and when reading takes place, that individual brain is forever changed, both physiologically and intellectually. Maryanne WolfSlide21
The Brain Learns to Read
WELCOME
BASIC BRAIN INFORMATION
SPOKEN
LANGUAGE
THE READING PROCESS
MEMORY AND READING
ELL/ESL
STUDENTS
REFLECTIONSlide22
LISTENING
ACTIVE VS PASSIVEShow
keenness & Expression Ability
Ensure Good Posture & Gestures
Remain Alert & Prepared for Questions
Give valid reasons
for criticismSlide23
Comparison
Non-listening vs Active Listening
Orientation toward others
Significant use of mind
Good application of etiquette
Effective use of principles of effect
Consideration of alternate messages
Much empathy
Intense attention to meaning
Emphasis on understanding
Much personal involvement
Focus on nonverbal communication
Results in rapport
Non-listening
Active Listening
Orientation toward self
Little use of mind (thinking)
Lack of etiquette
Inattention to principles of effect
No consideration of alternate messages
Little empathy
Casual attention to meaning
Emphasis on winning
Little personal involvement
Inattention to nonverbal communication
Results in conflictSlide24
The Ten Commandments of Listening
Stop talkingPut talker at easeShow talker you want to listen
Remove distractions
Empathize with talker
Be patient
Hold your temper
Go easy on argument and criticism
Ask questions
Stop talkingSlide25
Why TO Be A Good Listener?
To be
recognized
and
remembered
To feel
valued
To feel
appreciated
To feel
respected
To feel
understood
To feel
comfortable
about a want or need
A need of social ethics, biologically & sociallySlide26
Nature of ListeningSlide27
VALUE OF LISTENING
Listening
to others is an elegant art.
Good
listening reflects courtesy and good manners.
Listening
carefully to the instructions of superiors improve competence
and
performance.
The
result of poor listening skill could be disastrous in business, employment and social relations.
Good listening can eliminate a number of imaginary grievances of employees.
Good listening skill can improve social relations and conversation.
Listening is a positive activity rather than a passive or negative activity.Slide28
Listening leads to
learning
It leads to …openness, encouragement & growth
Never failing friendsSlide29
Aspects of listeningSlide30
Listening in Communication
Mode of Communication
Formal Years
of Training
Percentage of Time Used
Writing
12 years
9%
Reading
6-8 years
16 %
Speaking
1-2 years
30%
Listening
0-few hours
45%Slide31
Of the time spent
communicating each day, 45% is devoted to
listening
.
Usually a person only
remembers
about
50%
of what
is said to them.
After eight hours they
forget another
1/2
to
1/3
of what was originally grasped.
So that means you typically forget about
75%
of what you hear.
Listening in CommunicationSlide32
Facts about
ListeningListening: Learned first, Used most (45%), Taught least.Speaking: Learned second, Used next most (30%), Taught next least.
Reading:
Learned third, Used next least (16%), Taught next most
Writing:
Learned fourth, Used Least (9%), Taught most.Slide33
HEARING VS LISTENING
HearingPhysical
Process
Natural
passive
Listening
Physical
& mental
process
Active
Learned Process
A
skill
Listening is hard in nature and demands patient practiceSlide34
RECEIVING
SKILLS(Components of Hearing)Hearing:
The physiological process of receiving
sounds / gestures.
Attending:
The conscious and unconscious process of focusing attention
on external stimuli
.
Interpreting:
The process of decoding the
sounds & symbols.
Evaluating:
The process of
assessing / deciding
the value of the
information.
Remembering:
The process of placing the appropriate information into
short-term or long-term storage
.
Responding:
The process of
giving response/feedback to the source/receivers.Slide35
Content Receiving Skills
Insensitive Listening or Offensive listening: A style where the listeners main intent is to select information that can later he used against the speaker.Insulated Listening: A style where the listener avoids responsibility by failing to acknowledge that they have heard the information presented by the speaker
.
Selective Listening:
A style where the listener only responds to the parts of the message that directly interests him
.
Bottom Line Listening:
A style of listening where the receiver is only concerned about the facts. "Just the facts man
.“
Court Reporter Syndrome:
A style of taking in a speakers message
and
recording it verbatim
.
Continued…Slide36
Content Receiving Skills
Informational Listening: A style that is used when the listener is seeking out specific information.Evaluative Listening: A style used to listen to information upon which a decision has to be made.
Critical Incidence Listening:
A style used when the consequence of not listening may have dramatic effects.
Intimate Listening:
The style that is appropriate when the speaker is communicating significant relational information being completely and wholly honest.Slide37
Relational Receiving
SkillsNon-Listening: A style that is appropriate when the receiver has no need for the content and has minimal relationship with he sender.
Pseudo listening:
A way of "faking it" where the receiver feels obligated to listen even though they are preoccupied unable or unwilling to at that particular time
.
Defensive Listening:
A style of listening used in situations where the receiver feels that he might be taken advantage of if he does not protect himself by listening for information directly relevant to him
.
Appreciative Listening
:
A style that is appropriate in a recreational setting where the listener is participating as a way of passing time or being entertained
.
Continued…Slide38
Relational Receiving
SkillsListening with Empathy: A style that teaches an individual to enter fully into the world of the other and truly comprehend their thoughts and feelings.
Naively listening to customers:
A style that helps build an ongoing relationship by helping the receiver understand the needs of the sender
.
Therapeutic Cathartic Listening:
A listening style used by psychological counselors to help people who are having problems dealing with life situations
.
Therapeutic Diagnostic Listening:
A listening style that is used to assess the needs of the sender
.Slide39
EFFECTIVE LISTENING
Aspects of essential listening (a) Behaviours
that
support
effective listening
(b) Behaviors
that
hinder
effective
listening
It refers to listening the communication completely, interpreted effectively and comprehended with full meaning intended by the message(s) / sender(s)Slide40
EFFECTIVE LISTENING
Behaviors that support effective listening
Maintaining relaxed body posture
Leaning slightly forward if sitting
Facing person squarely at eye level
Maintaining an open posture
Maintaining appropriate distance
Offering simple acknowledgements
Reflecting meaning (paraphrase)
Reflecting emotions
Using eye contact
Providing non-distracting environmentSlide41
EFFECTIVE LISTENING
Behaviors that hinder effective listening
Acting distracted• No response
Invalidating response, put downs
Interrupting
Criticizing
Judging
Diagnosing
Giving advice/solutions
Changing the subject
Reassuring without acknowledgmentSlide42
Effective
Listening SkillsPassive, laid backEasily distracted
Asks no question
Has preconceptions
Disregards
information
Assimilates
information
Keeps open mind
Asks questions
Pays attention
Active, focusedSlide43
keys
to Effective listeningFind areas of interest
.
The Poor Listener: Tunes out dry topics.
The Good Listener: Seizes opportunities: "What's in it for me?"
Judge content, not delivery
.
The Poor Listener: Tunes out if delivery is poor.
The Good Listener: Judges content, skips over delivery errors.
Hold your fire.
The Poor Listener: Tends to enter into argument.
The Good Listener: Doesn't judge until comprehension is complete.
Listen for ideas
.
The Poor Listener: Listens for facts.
The Good Listener: Listens for central theme.
Be a flexible note taker.
The Poor Listener: Is busy with form, misses content.
The Good Listener: Adjusts to topic and organizational pattern.
Work at listening.
The Poor Listener:
Shows no energy output, fakes attention
The Good Listener: Works hard; exhibits alertness.
Continued…Slide44
Resist
distractions.The Poor Listener: Is distracted easily.The Good Listener: Fights or avoids distractions; tolerates bad habits in others; knows how to concentrate.Exercise your mind.
The Poor Listener: Resists difficult material; seeks light, recreational material.
The Good Listener: Uses heavier material as exercise for the mind.
Keep your mind open
.
The Poor Listener: Reacts to emotional words.
The Good Listener: Interprets emotional words; does not get hung up on them.
Thought is faster than speech; use it.
The Poor Listener: Tends to daydream with slow speakers.
The Good Listener: Challenges, anticipates, mentally summarizes, weights the evidence, listens between the lines to tone and voice.
keys
to
Effective listeningSlide45
Barriers to Listening
Equate With HearingUninteresting TopicsSpeaker’s DeliveryExternal Distractions
Mentally Preparing Response
Listening for Facts
Personal Concerns
Personal Bias
Language/Culture Differences
Faking AttentionSlide46Slide47
Time, Empathy, & Concentration on
communicator's messages are Prerequisites for understanding.People want to be heard, want to be taken seriously, want to be understood. "Effective communications starts with listening.”
"How often could things be remedied by a word. How often is it left unspoken.“
"Silence is the training ground for the art of listening."
REMEMBER. !!!Slide48
Conclusion
A good conversationalist is popular, a good listener even more so. Talk only if you have something to say.
(Anonymous)
“In addition to the ears, use senses, apply mind and heart for better comprehension and response, where patience should be your companion”
(
A.
Mankash
)
Lets’ we do justice with the tongue and the ears
With LoveSlide49
THANK YOUSlide50
Questions