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On Listening On Listening

On Listening - PowerPoint Presentation

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On Listening - PPT Presentation

By Group Captain MUHAMMAD AKRAM MANKASH WHAT IS LISTENING Generally listening is understood as hearing BUT LISTENING i s following and understanding the sound s monitoring gestures as in involves perception ID: 546935

listener listening good amp listening listener amp good style poor effective brain phonology information process grammar syntax language mind

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Slide1
Slide2

On

Listening

By

Group Captain

MUHAMMAD AKRAM MANKASH ®Slide3

WHAT IS LISTENING?

Generally listening is understood as

hearing

. Slide4

BUT LISTENING

i

s

following and understanding the sound

s / monitoring gestures as in involves perception,…

hearing

is with

purpose.Slide5

Listening

(AS AN Acronym )L

I

S

T

E

N

LOOK INTERESTED & FOCUSED

INVOLVE & RESPOND

STAY SERIOUS

TEST UNDERSTANDING

EVALUATE THE MASSAGE

NEUTRALIZE Slide6

TYPES OF LISTENING

Active listening

Inactive listening

Selective listening

Reflective Listening Slide7

Types of listening

Discriminative Listening: Listening for something specific but nothing else (eg. a baby crying).

Appreciative Listening:

Looking for ways to accept and appreciate the other person through what they say. Seeking opportunity to praise. Alternatively listening to something for pleasure, such as to music.

Continued…Slide8

Empathetic Listening:

Seeking to understand what the other person is feeling. Demonstrating this empathy. Comprehensive Listening: Listening to understand. Seeking meaning.Critical Listening:

Listening in order to evaluate, criticize or otherwise pass judgment on what someone else says.

Types of listening

Continued…Slide9

Relationship Listening:

Listening in order to support and develop a relationship with the other person.Therapeutic Listening: Seeking to understand what the other person is feeling. Demonstrating this empathy.

Biased Listening:

Listening through the filter of personal bias.

Types of listening

Continued…Slide10

Evaluative Listening:

Listening in order to evaluate, criticize or otherwise pass judgment on what someone else says.Dialogic Listening: Finding meaning through conversational exchange, asking for clarity and testing understanding.

Types of listeningSlide11

The Listening Process

Begins with symbols - entering receiver’s sensory worldInvolves process of selective perceptionDepends upon listener’s

(a) Sensory

L

imitations,

(

b)

Degree

of

Alertness

,

(

c)

Conditioning

Entails

Nervous system & filtering by the mind

Continues with search for ways to express meaning

Ends by sending messageSlide12

BRAIN & SPEECH

(LANGUAGE, THOUGHT & CULTURE)

(CLT, TLC, CTL, LCT, TLC)Slide13

13

Brain & Language

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Language Acquisition Support System (LASS)Slide14

14

Brain PartsSlide15

15

Some of the Areas of the Brain involved in Language Processing Broca's area

   

Wernicke's

area

   

Supramarginal

gyrus

   

Angular

gyrus

   

Primary auditory cortex

Slide16

16

Semiotics(Signs & Symbols)

Linguistic

Signs

Nonlinguistic

Signs

LINGUISTICS

Verbal Aspects

Non-Verbal Aspects

Evolutionary

Etymology

Philology

Synchronic / Descriptive

Diachronic / Historical

Sociological

Eco / Green

Ethno

Applied

Structural

Arts

Gestures

Music

Paintings

Photography

Ceramics

Architecture

Dance

Sculpture

Proxemics

Kinesics

Body

Language

Gestures

Facial

Expressions

Variation in

Postures

Tactile

DistancesSlide17

17

Linguistics

Structural Linguistics

Semantics

Pragmatics

Forensic

Linguistics

Stylistics

Transtology

Lexicography

Phraseology

Discourse Analysis

Spoken

Written

Language/Speech

Disorders

Aphasia

Dyslexia

Aphonia

Asemia

Morphology

Lexicology

Syntax &

Grammar

Phonology

Phonology

Syntax &

Grammar

Phonology

Lexicology

Syntax &

Grammar

Phonology

Morphology

Lexicology

Syntax &

Grammar

Phonology

Phonology

Syntax &

Grammar

Phonology

Lexicology

Syntax &

Grammar

Phonology

Morphology

Lexicology

Syntax &

Grammar

Phonology

Morphology

Lexicology

Syntax &

Grammar

Phonology

Orthography

Phonetics

Phonemics

Applied Linguistics

Slide18

Brain and Language

Laura Myers and Lyndsay O

MalleySlide19

This is your

brainBrain cells are called neurons.You are born with at least 100 billion neurons.

Dendrites

(fibers) grow out of the neurons when you listen to/write about/talk about/ practice something.Slide20

The

READING BRAINReading can be learned only because of the brain’s plastic design, and when reading takes place, that individual brain is forever changed, both physiologically and intellectually. Maryanne WolfSlide21

The Brain Learns to Read

WELCOME

BASIC BRAIN INFORMATION

SPOKEN

LANGUAGE

THE READING PROCESS

MEMORY AND READING

ELL/ESL

STUDENTS

REFLECTIONSlide22

LISTENING

ACTIVE VS PASSIVEShow

keenness & Expression Ability

Ensure Good Posture & Gestures

Remain Alert & Prepared for Questions

Give valid reasons

for criticismSlide23

Comparison

Non-listening vs Active Listening

Orientation toward others

Significant use of mind

Good application of etiquette

Effective use of principles of effect

Consideration of alternate messages

Much empathy

Intense attention to meaning

Emphasis on understanding

Much personal involvement

Focus on nonverbal communication

Results in rapport

Non-listening

Active Listening

Orientation toward self

Little use of mind (thinking)

Lack of etiquette

Inattention to principles of effect

No consideration of alternate messages

Little empathy

Casual attention to meaning

Emphasis on winning

Little personal involvement

Inattention to nonverbal communication

Results in conflictSlide24

The Ten Commandments of Listening

Stop talkingPut talker at easeShow talker you want to listen

Remove distractions

Empathize with talker

Be patient

Hold your temper

Go easy on argument and criticism

Ask questions

Stop talkingSlide25

Why TO Be A Good Listener?

To be

recognized

and

remembered

To feel

valued

To feel

appreciated

To feel

respected

To feel

understood

To feel

comfortable

about a want or need

A need of social ethics, biologically & sociallySlide26

Nature of ListeningSlide27

VALUE OF LISTENING

Listening

to others is an elegant art.

Good

listening reflects courtesy and good manners.

Listening

carefully to the instructions of superiors improve competence

and

performance.

The

result of poor listening skill could be disastrous in business, employment and social relations.

Good listening can eliminate a number of imaginary grievances of employees.

Good listening skill can improve social relations and conversation.

Listening is a positive activity rather than a passive or negative activity.Slide28

Listening leads to

learning

It leads to …openness, encouragement & growth

Never failing friendsSlide29

Aspects of listeningSlide30

Listening in Communication

Mode of Communication

Formal Years

of Training

Percentage of Time Used

Writing

12 years

9%

Reading

6-8 years

16 %

Speaking

1-2 years

30%

Listening

0-few hours

45%Slide31

Of the time spent

communicating each day, 45% is devoted to

listening

.

Usually a person only

remembers

about

50%

of what

is said to them.

After eight hours they

forget another

1/2

to

1/3

of what was originally grasped.

So that means you typically forget about

75%

of what you hear.

Listening in CommunicationSlide32

Facts about

ListeningListening: Learned first, Used most (45%), Taught least.Speaking: Learned second, Used next most (30%), Taught next least.

Reading:

Learned third, Used next least (16%), Taught next most

Writing:

Learned fourth, Used Least (9%), Taught most.Slide33

HEARING VS LISTENING

HearingPhysical

Process

Natural

passive

Listening

Physical

& mental

process

Active

Learned Process

A

skill

Listening is hard in nature and demands patient practiceSlide34

RECEIVING

SKILLS(Components of Hearing)Hearing:

The physiological process of receiving

sounds / gestures.

Attending: 

The conscious and unconscious process of focusing attention

on external stimuli

.

Interpreting:

  The process of decoding the

sounds & symbols.

Evaluating: 

The process of

assessing / deciding

the value of the

information.

Remembering:

  The process of placing the appropriate information into

short-term or long-term storage

.

Responding:

  The process of

giving response/feedback to the source/receivers.Slide35

Content Receiving Skills

Insensitive Listening or Offensive listening: A style where the listeners main intent is to select information  that can later he used against the speaker.Insulated Listening:  A style where the listener avoids responsibility by failing to acknowledge that they have heard the information presented by the speaker

.

Selective Listening:

  A style where the listener only responds to the parts of the message that directly interests him

.

Bottom Line Listening:

  A style of listening where the receiver is only concerned about the facts.  "Just the facts man

.“

Court Reporter Syndrome:

  A style of taking in a speakers  message

and

recording it verbatim

.

Continued…Slide36

Content Receiving Skills

Informational Listening:  A style that is used when the listener is seeking out specific information.Evaluative Listening:  A style used to listen to information upon which a decision has to be made.

Critical Incidence Listening:

  A style used when the consequence of not listening may have dramatic effects.

Intimate Listening:

  The style that is appropriate when the speaker is communicating significant relational information being completely and wholly honest.Slide37

Relational Receiving

SkillsNon-Listening:  A style that is appropriate when the receiver has no need for the content and has minimal relationship with he sender.

Pseudo listening: 

A way of "faking it" where the receiver feels obligated to listen even though they are preoccupied unable or unwilling to at that particular time

.

Defensive Listening: 

A style of listening used in situations where the receiver feels that he might be taken advantage of if he does not protect himself  by listening for information directly relevant to him

.

Appreciative Listening

:

 

A style that is appropriate in a recreational setting where the listener is participating as a way of passing time or being entertained

.

Continued…Slide38

Relational Receiving

SkillsListening with Empathy:  A style that teaches an individual to enter fully into the world of the other and truly comprehend their thoughts and feelings.

Naively listening to customers:

  A style that helps build an ongoing relationship by helping the receiver understand the needs of the sender

.

Therapeutic Cathartic Listening:

  A listening style used by psychological counselors to help people who are having problems dealing with  life situations

.

Therapeutic Diagnostic Listening:

  A listening style that is used to assess the needs of the sender

.Slide39

EFFECTIVE LISTENING

Aspects of essential listening (a) Behaviours

that

support

effective listening

(b) Behaviors

that

hinder

effective

listening

It refers to listening the communication completely, interpreted effectively and comprehended with full meaning intended by the message(s) / sender(s)Slide40

EFFECTIVE LISTENING

Behaviors that support effective listening

Maintaining relaxed body posture

Leaning slightly forward if sitting

Facing person squarely at eye level

Maintaining an open posture

Maintaining appropriate distance

Offering simple acknowledgements

Reflecting meaning (paraphrase)

Reflecting emotions

Using eye contact

Providing non-distracting environmentSlide41

EFFECTIVE LISTENING

Behaviors that hinder effective listening

Acting distracted• No response

Invalidating response, put downs

Interrupting

Criticizing

Judging

Diagnosing

Giving advice/solutions

Changing the subject

Reassuring without acknowledgmentSlide42

Effective

Listening SkillsPassive, laid backEasily distracted

Asks no question

Has preconceptions

Disregards

information

Assimilates

information

Keeps open mind

Asks questions

Pays attention

Active, focusedSlide43

keys

to Effective listeningFind areas of interest

.

The Poor Listener: Tunes out dry topics.

The Good Listener: Seizes opportunities: "What's in it for me?"

Judge content, not delivery

.

The Poor Listener: Tunes out if delivery is poor.

The Good Listener: Judges content, skips over delivery errors.

Hold your fire.

The Poor Listener: Tends to enter into argument.

The Good Listener: Doesn't judge until comprehension is complete.

Listen for ideas

.

The Poor Listener: Listens for facts.

The Good Listener: Listens for central theme.

Be a flexible note taker.

The Poor Listener: Is busy with form, misses content.

The Good Listener: Adjusts to topic and organizational pattern.

Work at listening.

The Poor Listener:

Shows no energy output, fakes attention

The Good Listener: Works hard; exhibits alertness.

Continued…Slide44

Resist

distractions.The Poor Listener: Is distracted easily.The Good Listener: Fights or avoids distractions; tolerates bad habits in others; knows how to concentrate.Exercise your mind.

The Poor Listener: Resists difficult material; seeks light, recreational material.

The Good Listener: Uses heavier material as exercise for the mind.

Keep your mind open

.

The Poor Listener: Reacts to emotional words.

The Good Listener: Interprets emotional words; does not get hung up on them.

Thought is faster than speech; use it.

The Poor Listener: Tends to daydream with slow speakers.

The Good Listener: Challenges, anticipates, mentally summarizes, weights the evidence, listens between the lines to tone and voice.

keys

to

Effective listeningSlide45

Barriers to Listening

Equate With HearingUninteresting TopicsSpeaker’s DeliveryExternal Distractions

Mentally Preparing Response

Listening for Facts

Personal Concerns

Personal Bias

Language/Culture Differences

Faking AttentionSlide46
Slide47

Time, Empathy, & Concentration on

communicator's messages are Prerequisites for understanding.People want to be heard, want to be taken seriously, want to be understood. "Effective communications starts with listening.”

"How often could things be remedied by a word. How often is it left unspoken.“

"Silence is the training ground for the art of listening."

REMEMBER. !!!Slide48

Conclusion

A good conversationalist is popular, a good listener even more so. Talk only if you have something to say.

(Anonymous)

“In addition to the ears, use senses, apply mind and heart for better comprehension and response, where patience should be your companion”

(

A.

Mankash

)

Lets’ we do justice with the tongue and the ears

With LoveSlide49

THANK YOUSlide50

Questions