Male Reproductive System Dr Hazrat Bilal Malakandi DPT IPMampR KMU MSPT KMU Objectives of the lecture Physiologic Anatomy of male reproductive system Spermatogenesis 2 Dr Hazrat Bilal Malakandi ID: 508061
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Physiology ofMale Reproductive System
Dr. Hazrat Bilal Malakandi
DPT (IPM&R KMU) MSPT* (KMU)Slide2
Objectives of the lecture Physiologic Anatomy of male reproductive systemSpermatogenesis 2
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Physiologic Anatomy of male reproductive systemOrgans of Male reproductive partTestes Epididymis Vas Deferens
Seminal vesicles
Ejaculatory Duct
Prostate Gland
Urethra
Urethral glands
Bulbourethral gland (Cowper's Gland)
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Physiologic Anatomy of male reproductive system
Testes
It consist of
Somniferous tubules
which are 900 in number, each averaging more than half meter long. They form spermatozoa.
Interstitial cells
of leydig
: secrete testosterone
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EpididymisIt is 6 m in lengthMaturation and little storage of spermatozoa take place hereVas Deferens (ductus deferens)
Store sperms
It enlarges to ampulla of vas deferens immediately before the vas enters the body of the prostate gland.
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Seminal vesiclesDon’t store spermatozoaSecrete a fluid that containsFructose: nourishes spermatozoa until ferlization
Prostaglandins
: aid fertilization by causing contraction in uterus and fallopian tubes to move spermatozoa towards uterus.
Fibrinogen
: causes clotting of semen after ejaculation (which is later dissolved by fibrinolysin)
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Ejaculatory Duct Receive contents of vas deferens and seminal vesicles and prostatic secretions.Prostate GlandSecrete a thick milky alkaline fluid that containsCitric acidCa
Acid phosphates
Clotting enzymes
Profibrinolysin
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Alkaline nature of prostate secretionsNeutralize acidity of spermatozoa from vas deferens.Neutralizes vaginal acidity (pH = 3.5-4)Finally pH of semen becomes
6-6.5
at which sperms are optimally motile.
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URETHRAInternal urethraReceives contents of ejaculatory duct.Penile urethra
Receives contents of internal (or prostatic) urethra and secretions of urethral glands and bulbourethral glands.
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Urethral glandsLocated along entire extent of urethra.Secrete mucusBulbourethral gland (Cowper's Gland)Located near of urethra.Secretes excess mucus
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Spermatogenesis Male version of gametogenesis. It is the process in which spermatozoa are produced from male primordial germ cells by way of mitosis and meiosis.Entire process of spermatogenesis takes 74 days. Testes produce 200 to 300 million spermatozoa daily.
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LocationThe initial stages occur within the testes and progress to the epididymis where the developing gametes mature and are stored until ejaculation. The seminiferous tubules of the testes are the starting point for the process, where stem cells adjacent to the inner tubule wall beginning at the walls and proceeding into the innermost part, or
lumen
—to produce immature sperm. Maturation occurs in the epididymis.
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It is divided into two Spermatocytogenesis Spermiogenesis (spermiation)
Spermatocytogenesis
Spermatogonium
primary spermatocyte (22 pairs + XY) meiosis ❶ secondary spermatocyte (22 pairs + X) or (22 pairs + Y) meiosis ❷ spermatid
Spermiogenesis (spermiation)
Spermatid (rounded shape) sperm (with head neck and tail)
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Role of sertoli cells in SpermatogenesisSertoli cells are large cells in germinal epithelium.They secrete a fluid that bathes and nourishes developing and newly formed sperms.
Sertoli cells secrete digestive enzymes that remove most of cytoplasm from spermatid and help to shape it into sperm with head neck and tail.
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They secrete three hormonesMullerian inhibitory factor (MIF): secreted during fetal life to inhibit formation of fallopian tubes from mullerian ducts in male fetus Estradiol: (although female sex hormone) stimulate spermatogenesis
Inhibin:
prevent over secretion of FSH by anterior pituitary glands.
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Hormonal Stimulation of Spermatogenesis
Testosterone:
secreted by leydig cells. It stimulate meiotic division of primary spermatocytes to form secondary spermatocytes.
LH:
secreted by ant. Pituitary gland, stimulate interstitial cells of leyding to secrete testosterone.
FSH:
stimulate spermiation by sertoli cells, also secreted by ant. Pituitary gland. Without it the conversion of spermatid to sperms (spermiogenesis) will not occur.
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4. Estradiol: secreted by sertoli cells upon stimulation by FSH. Essential for spermiation.5. GH: provide background metabolism and promotes early divisions of spermatogonia.
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Regulation of spermatogenesisFSH from anterior pituitary gland
stimulates sertoli cells
increase spermatogenesis and also inhibin secreted
negative feedback inhibition of FSH secretion
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