The rise of Austria Vienna - PowerPoint Presentation

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The rise of AustriaSlide2

Vienna

(Wien)Slide3
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Thesis

After the Thirty Years war, which resulted in the destruction of the Holy Roman Empire and the decimation of the German countryside a series of poor absolute monarchs tried to step up to fill the power vacuum in Central Europe. Unable to grab full control a series of political fighting and wars weakened the state even further. This frustrated the local populous which then demanded a stronger central ruler to consolidate, manipulate, and use all types power. Once this absolutism was accomplished the omnipotent state began to flourish, building empires and starting a Golden Age.Slide8

Hapsburgs background – you should already know this

Massively successful family in central Europe

Eventually gained control of HRE, gaining all important electoral vote

Charles V pitched a hissy fit, gave up his throne, tuck tailed and run, to a fake monastery

His two sons (Ferdinand and Philip) took it and Spain over….

HRE broke up in all but name with 30 Years

W

ar, but the Hapsburgs had a lot of territory, and they still had Prague, so they remained powerfulSlide9

Ferdinands & Leopold I

Ferdinand I inherited Austria and other lands in central Europe and the HRE (title)

His sons, through a series of errors (mainly the 30 Years War) lost it

But, in 1699 a great grandson named Leopold started to win it back

Begins with Hungary

France counters with an invasion to hold balance of power (and they hate Austria and Germany by now)

Hold them off on one side, splits his army and moves east

Reconquers

Slovenia, Croatia, rest of Bohemia, Moravia Transylvania, Liechtenstein, part of Poland, and part of Germany

Marched right to the door of Ottoman Empire in Sarajevo (Bosnia-Herzegovina) only to be repelled

Kept power by ruling using only

an inner circle of confidants

The Hapsburgs were back baby!!! Slide10
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Maria Theresa

Son of Leopold keeps the empire together then dies

Grandson Charles VI comes to the throne

A

fter years of trying only had a daughter: Maria Theresa

So drafted

Pragmatic Sanction—which agreed to recognize Maria Theresa as his rightful heir even though she was a woman

Bribed all of Europe into recognizing it

But when he dies, they all renege and thinking Austria now has a weak woman on the throne, they attack

The French declared war, Czechs revolted, and Prussia attacked, triggering the War of the Austrian SuccessionSlide12
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War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748)

Short on Allies, Maria Theresa bribed Hungary into staying on her side

Making her empire now Austria-Hungary

Britain wants to keep balance of power (and sees a way to turn an international incident into a banking/colonizing opportunity)

Join in, mainly giving her money and some help

Turn around an colonize the heck out of the rest of the world while everyone else is fighting

Fought her opponents to a stalemate and won back all seized land.Slide14

Austrian Golden Age

Maria Theresa becomes the grandmother of Europe

Has 16 kids that live to adulthood, marrying all of them off all around Europe;

y

oungest and most famous is Marie Antoinette

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stablishes a court in Vienna

Has largest land empire in Europe (outside of Russia)

Created a expansive

bureaucracy

Eventually co-ruled with oldest son Joseph II

Reforms the church—made the monarchy far less tied to Catholicism

Removes final trappings of religion and politics left over from HRE

Cleaned house with the nobles—made them intermingle

Forced them to intermarry and move across the empire

Revamped military

Ended Polish-Lithuanian empire and partitioned it

Took down Sarajevo and rest of Balkans

Created a trading network, not with colonies but over European empire

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usic flourishedSlide15

Joseph II, Roman Emperor, Apostolic King of Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, of Styria, of Carinthia and of Carniola; Grand Prince of Transylvania, Margrave of Moravia, Duke of Brabant, of Limburg, of Luxemburg, of Geldern, of Wurttemberg, of Upper and Lower Silesia, of Milan, of Mantua, of Parma, of Piacenza, of Guastalla, of Auschwitz and Zator; Prince of Swabia, Prince-Count of Habsburg, Flanders, the Tyrol, of Hennegau, of Kyburg, of Gorz and Gradisca, Margrave of the Holy Roman Empire, of Burgau, of Upper and Lower Lusatia, Count of Namur, Lord of Windisch March and of Mechlen; Duke of Lorraine and Bar; Grand Duke of Tuscany, etc., etc. Slide16

Classical MusicSlide17

SalzburgSlide18
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

Child prodigy, playing

throughout Europe at age 4

One of the most prolific

composers for his short life

Revolutionized music at the

height of classical music

Had many rivals

Went bonkers, died penniless, and is buried in a common paupers’ graveSlide20
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Rise of Prussia

Main state other than Austria to emerge from HRE

Begins with political maneuvering of Frederick William the Great Elector – leader of Hohenzollerns dynasty

Capital is Berlin

Followed by so, Frederick

William

I, 1

st

Prussian King

Studied the history of the destruction

of Thirty Years War and vows to always have a strong army

Prussia becomes a military

state

Beginning of German unity, sort of

Prussia will slowly take over the rest of the German stateSlide22
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Frederick the Great

Frederick William’s son becomes King in 1740

Frederick II, also known as Frederick the Great

Followed dad’s military policies, strong army

Also encouraged religious tolerance and economic growth

Considered himself “enlightened,” for example he thought serfdom was wrong, but did nothing about this.

Brought Voltaire to court to learn from him but didn’t follow his ideas to their full extent

Paternalistic:

Believed a leader should be like a father to his people

Quintessential “Enlightened Despot”

Knew and like the ideas of Enlightenment and freedom but didn’t have the backing of the nobles and/or the guts to follow themSlide24

Seven Years War (1756-1763)

Mainly started over colonial and Austrian Succession vendettas

Kinda

like War of the Austrian Succession II

Austria sided with France (rare) and Russia against England and Prussia

Sides mainly broke down on balance of power domino effect

Series of barely-win/losses and stalemates

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st

war between Europe the Atlantic Ocean

You know it as the French-Indian War

Battled to a stalemated on the continent and then quit fighting

With large armies in

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entral Europe Austria, Prussia, and Russia allied together to partition Poland

Real winner (do you sense a pattern here??) was again, England, who crushed France and kicked them out of N. America

Austria lost nothing for starting this mess (do you sense another pattern here??) and stayed in power

At the end Eastern and Central Europe start to become players on world stage

5 main players: Great Britain, France, Prussia, Austria-Hungary, Russia