17891815 The End of an Era Name Block WEX II Chapter 2 Section 5 The End of an Era At the end of this section I will be able to answer the following questions What events led to Napoleons downfall ID: 524050
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The French Revolution and Napoleon(1789-1815)The End of an Era
Name:_______________ Block:____
WEX II
Chapter
2,
Section
5Slide2
The End of an EraAt the end of this section, I will be able to answer the following questions:What events led to Napoleon’s downfall?What principles guided leaders at the Congress of Vienna?How did the Congress of Vienna seek to impose a new order on Europe:Vocabulary guerilla warfare, abdicate, legitimacySlide3
The End of an EraWhat changes did Napoleon make during his reign?Spread ideas of revolution across EuropeBacked liberal reform in conquered landsInstalled revolutionary governments:Abolished titles of nobilityEnded Church privilegesOpened careers to men of talentEnded serfdom and manorial duesSlide4
The End of an EraWhat other benefits did Napoleon bring?Brought the Napoleonic CodeOften brought economic benefitsReducing trade barriersstimulating industrySlide5
The End of an EraHow did his successes work against him?Although Nationalism spurred French armies to success, Many saw Napoleon’s armies as oppressorsMany resented the Continental System &Napoleon’s effort to impose French cultureCountries fought to maintain their language & cultureSlide6
The End of an EraSpain strongly resist Napoleon1808, Napoleon made his brother KingHe undermined the Spanish Catholic Church with his liberal reformsEach time the French crushed Spanish resistance, the Spanish resistance grewSlide7
The End of an EraHow do the Spanish respond?Spanish patriots engage in guerilla warfareSpanish attacks keep straining the French military resourcesEventually, the British send an army under Arthur Wellesley to help the Spanishguerilla warfare consists of hit-and-run raidsSlide8
The End of an EraNapoleon is defeated in Russia1812, Alexander I of Russian resigns from the Continental SystemNapoleon is outraged!Takes 600,000 soldiers into Russia in 1812The Russians kept retreating while burning crops & villages on their wayNapoleon couldn’t feed or supply his troopsIn October, they started homewardSlide9
The End of an EraNapoleon retreated without engagementThe army has a 1,000 mile retreatOnly 100,000 soldiers survived½ million soldiers died or deserted!Napoleon quickly returns to Paris to raise a new force to defend FranceHowever, his reputation for success was shatteredSlide10
The End of an EraHow does the world respond?There’s new alliance between Russia, Britain, Austria, and PrussiaThey attack a weakened FranceNapoleon is defeated at the Battle of the Nations at Leipzig in 1813Slide11
The End of an EraFrench enemies close in on France 1813Napoleon abdicatedHe was exiled to ElbaAn island in the MediterraneanThey recognized Louis XVIII as King of FranceAbdicate is to step down from powerSlide12
The End of an EraLife isn’t easy for Louis XVIIIHe accepted the Napoleonic CodeHe had to honor land settlements made during the warThe émigrés returned and they wanted revengeThere was an economic depressionSome people still felt to NapoleonSlide13
The End of an EraNapoleon escapes from his island and returns to FranceCitizens in France cheered his returnLouis XVIII fleesIn 1815, Napoleon returns to powerSlide14
The End of an EraThe allies are not happy about his returnThey attack Napoleon’s forces on June 18th 1815Battle of Waterloo in BelgiumNapoleon forces defeated in 1 day byBritish under Duke of WellingtonPrussia under General BlucherSlide15
The End of an EraNapoleon abdicated his throne againHe moves to St. HelenaA lonely island in the South AtlanticHe never returnsNapoleon dies in 1821Slide16
The End of an EraWas Napoleon “the revolution on horseback” or a traitor to the revolution?Napoleonic Code consolidated many changesFrance had a consolidated government with a central governmentHeld electionsMore citizens could own propertyMore citizens had access to educationSlide17
The End of an EraHow did Napoleon affect the world?His conquests spread enlightenment ideasHe didn’t make Europe into a French empireSelling the Louisiana purchase doubling the size of America in 1803Destroying the Holy Roman Empire made it possible for a new Germany to emergeSlide18
The End of an EraWhat was the Congress of Vienna?This was a 10 month gathering of European leaders hosted by Francis I of AustriaRan from Sept 1814 – June 1815People dined & dancedAttended concerts & balletsEnjoyed hunting parties & picnicsSlide19
The End of an EraWhat serious work took place at the Congress of Vienna?The chief goal was to create a lasting peace by establishing a balance of power and protecting the system of monarchyHowever, each member also pursued his own goalsSlide20
The End of an EraWho were the main players at the Congress of Vienna?Prince Metternich of AustriaCzar Alexander I of RussiaLord Robert Castlereagh of BritainPrince Maurice Talleyrand of FranceSlide21
The End of an EraWhat did each Leader want?Metternich wanted to restore the status quoAlexander I wanted a “holy alliance” of Christian Monarchs to stop future revolutionsLord Castlereagh wanted to stop France from regaining military powerTalleyrand played the other leaders to have France be accepted as an equal partnerSlide22
The End of an EraWhat was the Vienna Settlement?They redrew the map of EuropeIn the north, they added Belgium & Luxembourg to Holland to create the NetherlandsPrussia got lands along the Rhine RiverAustria reasserted control over northern ItalyThis arrangement was successful in keeping the peaceSlide23
The End of an EraThey promoted the idea of legitimacy or restoring hereditary monarchies that Napoleon had unseatedLouis XVIII was put back on the throneLegitimate monarchs were restored to power PortugalSpainThe Italian StatesSlide24
The End of an EraHow did they plan to keep the new order?Metternich pushed to create the Concert of Europe, a peace keeping organizationIncluded all the major European statesLeaders pledged to maintain the balance of power to suppress any uprisingsSlide25
The End of an EraThe immediate peace goals were achieved, but there were other forces at workThey didn’t take nationalism into account when redrawing country boundariesThey created a German Confederation with Austria as it’s headHowever, the Germans wanted to have their own nationSlide26
The End of an EraMany people who were inspired by revolutionary ideas condemned the Vienna SettlementHowever, a general peace lasted for 100 years.The ideals of the French Revolution were not destroyed.In the next decades people in Europe & Latin America would seek equality & libertySlide27
The End of an EraOkay, let’s see if you got it…What events led to Napoleon’s downfall?His first major mistake was leading 600,000 soldiers into Russia, just before winter which turned out to be major defeatSlide28
The End of an EraWhat principles guided leaders at the Congress of Vienna?The chief goal was to create a lasting peace by establishing a balance of power and protecting the system of monarchySlide29
The End of an EraHow did the Congress of Vienna seek to impose a new order on Europe?Metternich pushed to create the Concert of Europe which was a peacekeeping organizationSlide30
The End of an EraWhat is guerilla warfare? Hit-and-run raids against an enemyIn Spanish – “little war”?What is the meaning of abdicate?To step down from powerWhat is the meaning of legitimacy? Legal boundariesSlide31
The End of an EraQuiz Time!Slide32
The End of an EraSlide33
The End of an Era