THE NEED FOR CAPITAL STARTUP OR VENTURE CAPITAL WORKING CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL STARTUP CAPITAL Seed money which is simply the money needed to begin ones business to pay your first rent licensing fees and all costs associated with starting a business ID: 557185
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Slide1
BUSINESS FINANCE AND ACCOUNTINGSlide2
THE NEED FOR CAPITAL
START-UP OR VENTURE CAPITAL
WORKING CAPITAL
INVESTMENT CAPITALSlide3
START-UP CAPITAL
– “Seed money” which is simply the money needed to begin one’s business, to pay your first rent, licensing fees and all costs associated with starting a business.
VENTURE CAPITAL
– Started by wealthy individuals who have surplus cash but do not have time to run a company. These venture capitalists will buy shares for an average of 4-5 years and then sell them back to the entrepreneur at a profit.Slide4
ADVANTAGES OF START-UP OR VENTURE CAPITAL
Raises much needed capital without losing control for very long
Can have access to management advice from the venture capitalist
Do not have to register on the stock exchange
Less legal constraints
DISADVANTAGES
OF START-UP OR
VENTURE CAPITAL
Although temporary, some control is lost
Shared profits until the venture capitalist is
repayed
May have to repay high amounts to the venture capitalistSlide5
WORKING CAPITAL – The funds available to run the day to day operations of the business. Working capital is used to meet short term obligations of the business, such as purchasing goods, office supplies, paying rent and wages. It is calculated by using the equation:
Working Capital = Current Assets – Current
LiabilitiesSlide6
CURRENT ASSETS
– resources that the business expects to get rid of (convert into cash) within one year or the businesses operating cycle, whichever is longer.
Eg
. Stock, cash, bank, accounts receivable
Current Liabilities
– obligation that the business expects to pay within one year or the businesses operating cycle, whichever is longer.
Eg
. Accounts payable, overdraft, short term loansSlide7
QUESTION
How do we increase working capital?Slide8
INVESTMENT CAPITAL
– Money put back into the business to foster growth and productive capacity. It may include investment in better machinery or a bigger plant (factory) for example.Slide9
SOURCES OF FINANCE
Debt Financing – When companies Borrow from lending institutions, they take on loans (which are a form of debt), which they repay over time with added interest. Trade Credit is also a form of debt financing where businesses are allowed to buy supplies and stock on credit, to be repaid at a later date often within the short term.
Equity Financing – refers to funds that are raised by a business in exchange for ownership in the company. Often raised by issuing shares in the company. Unlike debt financing which must be repaid over time, equity financing does not have to be repaid. Equity also comes in the form of direct capital investment.Slide10
DEBT VS EQUITY
DEBT
EQUITY
Must be repaid with interest
on a schedule whether or not the business makes money. Risk may be high
Does not have to be repaid
The original owner can retain control. Lending institutions are not interested in taking a share of the business
Investors/shareholders
can influence management decisions as they share ownership in the company
Once the debt is repaid, the lender has no further interaction or claim
on the business
Risk is kept low.
It is often difficult for small businesses and new ventures
to obtain debt financing
Dividends
are paid outSlide11
FORMS OF EQUITY
Capital – The profit retained in the company by the directors for investment purposes. This profit still belongs to the shareholders since they are the owners but it will not be paid to them unless the business is liquidated.
Shares – The sale of shares raises finance
ofr
a company in exchange for part ownership in the company. Dividends are part of the profits that are paid to shareholders as a return on their investment.Slide12
FORMS OF DEBT
Debentures
– long term debt which is unsecured, meaning that there is no collateral put up in the event that the debt is not repaid to the borrower. The two parties sign an agreement called an indenture
Bonds
– issued for a period of a year or more and are a means of raising capital. There is a written agreement to repay and the debt is secured against assets of the company. Governments, corporations and other institutions issue bonds. Some bonds do not pay interest but even if this is the case, the principal amount is repaid.
Short term debts
– to be repaid within one year or the businesses operating cycle whichever is longer.Slide13
SOURCES OF SHORT TERM FINANCE
Bank overdraft and short term bank loans
Trade credit
Debt factoringSlide14
SOURCES OF MEDIUM TERM FINANCE
Hire Purchase
Leasing
Medium Term Bank LoanSlide15
SOURCES OF LONG TERM FINANCE
Commercial banks
Development banks
eg
ADB, BDC
Venture capital
Small business associations
Development funds
Family