Chapter 16, Section 3 No End in Sight - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Chapter 16, Section 3

No End in SightSlide2

Key Terms

Ulysses S. Grant

– Union general

Battle of Shiloh

– an 1862 battle in which the Union forced the Confederacy to retreat in some of the fiercest fighting in the Civil War

Cavalry

– soldiers on horseback

Seven Days’ Battles

– an 1862 Civil War battle in which the Confederacy forced the Union to retreat before it could capture the Southern capital of Richmond

Battle of Antietam

– a Civil War battle in 1862 in which 25,000 men were killed or woundedSlide3

Bell Ringer

Look at the maps on pages 494-495. In what states did most of the battles in the East take place? In the West?

Why might so much of the fighting have taken place in or near border states?Slide4

Describe

the course of the war in the East in 1862.

Describe the early days of the war in the West and at sea

.

Describe the outcome of the Battle of Antietam.

Objectives

:Slide5

What strategies did each side use to gain an advantage over the other in the early years of the war?

After the

First Battle of Bull Run,

both the North and the South knew a difficult struggle lay ahead.

Both sides searched to find the

leaders

and the

strategies

that would ensure victory.Slide6

After the panicked Union defeat at Bull Run, President Lincoln placed General

George McClellan

in command. McClellan was an experienced leader known for his patience and caution.

McClellan

trained his troops for seven months.

McClellan finally moved toward Richmond in

March 1862, but he delayed again to ask for reinforcements.

Lincoln was frustrated by the delay.Slide7

Grant and McClellan were very different.

Meanwhile, Union armies in the West went on the attack under the command of

Ulysses S. Grant.

McClellan was cautious

and wore carefully fitted uniforms.

Grant

wore rumpled clothes and

took chances.Slide8

Union forces made major advances in western land and naval battles in 1862.

They took control of most of the

Mississippi River.

Grant’s army then marched toward a railroad center at

Corinth.Slide9

Union Victories in the West

1. Why was control of rivers important?

Transportation (opened up a river highway into the South)

Union boats could travel as far South as northern AlabamaSlide10

Before Grant could reach Corinth, he was attacked by Confederate forces in Shiloh. Slide11

The South

suffered nearly 11,000 casualties.

The

Battle of Shiloh

was costly yet important for both sides.

The North

lost more

than 13,000

soldiers.

Union forces gained control of

western Tennessee

and part of the

Mississippi River.Slide12

The Battle of Shiloh (“place of peace”)

2. How did Shiloh signal a change from earlier battles of the war?

Fiercest fighting

Commanders rode into battle

High casualty rate

3. Why did Lincoln refuse to replace Grant?

McClellan was slow, stalling; Grant took action

“I can’t spare this man – he fights.”Slide13

The Union hoped that its great progress in the West would be enough to win the war.

Two weeks later, a Union fleet led by

David Farragut

captured New Orleans, Louisiana.

By the summer of 1862, Union forces had gained control of the

entire Mississippi River.Slide14

The Fall of New Orleans

4. Why was naval power crucial in

capturing New

Orleans?

Union

had the resources to attack by water

Rebel boats were outmatched by the Union warships

5. How did the fall of New Orleans advance Union strategy?It helped the Union to achieve its goal of cutting the Confederacy in twoSlide15
Slide16

Although Union soldiers had been better trained, they were forced to retreat.

In May 1862,

Confederate troops stopped McClellan’s advance near Richmond.

McClellan’s delay gave the Confederates

time to prepare.Slide17

Both sides responded to the Confederate victory at Richmond.

Lee decided to invade the North.

He hoped a victory there would gain him

support in Europe.

McClellan discovered Lee’s plan.

He also learned that Lee’s army was

split into two parts.Slide18

Lee Claims Victories in the East

6. How was Lee able to gain the advantage in the East?

Lee sent members of the cavalry to spy on McClellan

After the Seven Days’ Battles, the Union retreated

Lee was able to end the Union threat in VirginiaSlide19

Lee Invades the North

7. Why

did Lee decide to invade the North?

He had many victories and thought now was the time to strike – when Union morale was low

He hoped a victory might force Lincoln to talk peace

The invasion would give VA farmers a rest from war during harvest season

Confederates could plunder Northern farms for food

Hoped the invasion would show that the Confederates could win the war (and get European support)

Some were ready to accept a new country; also they needed cottonSlide20

McClellan attacked the larger part of Lee’s army in the

Battle of

Antietam (September 17, 1862; Sharpsburg, MD)

Both sides suffered huge

casualties.

Lee’s troops retreated.

Lincoln was upset that

McClellan did not pursue Lee.Slide21

The

Battle of Antietam

was the bloodiest day of the Civil War for both Union and Confederate troops.Slide22

Bloody Antietam

8. Why was Antietam called the bloodiest day in all of American history?

25,000 men were killed or wounded

Neither side gained any ground

9. Why did Lincoln fire McClellan despite the Union victory at Antietam?

He was fed up and tired of McClellan’s stalling

McClellan failed to pursue Lee in VA to “finish off the Southern army”Slide23
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Chapter 16 Review

Crash

Course

video 1

covers:

C

auses

of the warMotivations of the individuals who went to war. StrategyWhy the North won, and whether that outcome was inevitable. The North's industrial and population advantages are examined, as are the problems of the Confederacy, including its need to build a nation at the same time it was fighting a war.

Crash Course video 2 covers:How the Civil War played a large part in making the United States the country that it is today.

Key

ways in which Abraham Lincoln influenced the outcome of the war, and how the lack of foreign intervention also helped the Union win the war. Technology that made the Civil War different than previous wars. New weapons helped to influence the outcomes of battles, but photography influenced how the public at large perceived the war.