Grammar 4A pp 199201 Present Infinitives The present infinitive is the second principal part of verbs We have been learning those all along amō amāre amāuī amātus doceō ID: 643746
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Slide1
Latin Grammar
Perfect and Future Infinitives
(Grammar 4A, pp. 199-201)Slide2
Present Infinitives
The present infinitive is the second principal part of verbs.
We have been learning those all along.
amō
,
amāre
,
amāuī
,
amātus
doceō
,
docēre
,
docuī
,
doctus
loquor
,
loquī
,
locūtus
sum
sum,
esse
,
fuī
,
futūrus
morior
,
morī
,
mortuus
sumSlide3
The Perfect Infinitive
In addition to the present infinitive, however, Latin also has perfect and future infinitives.
The perfect infinitive translates “to have
Xed
”
Here are examples:
amāuisse
(<
amō
) = to have loved
dīxisse
(<
dīcō
) = to have said
uēnisse
(<
ueniō
) = to have come
mortuus
esse
(<
morior
) = to have died
The “to” in English makes it an infinitive.
The “have
Xed
” makes it perfect. Slide4
The Non-Deponent
Perfect Infinitive
The non-deponent perfect infinitive is formed
by removing the –
ī
from a verb’s third principal part
and adding the ending –
isse
.
ueniō
,
uenīre
,
uēnī
,
uentum
uēn
-
uēnisse
= to have comeSlide5
The Non-Deponent
Perfect Infinitive
portō
,
portāre
,
portāuī
,
portātus
portāu
-
portāuisse
= to have carried
capiō
,
capere
,
cēpī
,
captus
cēp
-
cepisse
= to have
siezed
audiō
,
audīre
,
audīuī
,
audītus
audīu
-
audīuisse
= to have
heardSlide6
The Deponent
Perfect Infinitive
Deponent perfect infinitives are made by changing the
sum
of the last principal part to
esse
.
This makes sense:
If
mentītus
sum
means
I have lied,
it only makes sense that
mentītus
esse
means
to have
lied
.Slide7
The Deponent
Perfect Infinitive
Do note that the
perfect deponent infinitive
expresses gender and number.
Marcus seems to have lied
= Marcus
uidētur
mentītus
esse
.
The slave woman seems to have lied
=
serua
uidētur
mentīta
esse
.
The soldiers seem to have lied
=
mīlitēs
uidentur
mentītī
esse
. Slide8
The Deponent
Perfect Infinitive
Examples:
minor,
minārī
,
minātus
sum
=>
minātus
, -a, -um
esse
= to have threatened
loquor
,
loquī
,
locūtus
sum
=>
locūtus
,
-a, -
um
esse
= to have
spoken
ingredior
,
ingredī
,
ingressus
sum
=>
ingressus
,
-a, -um
esse
= to have
enteredSlide9
The Future Infinitive
The future infinitive is translated “to be going to X”
amātūrus
esse
= to be going to love
factūrus
esse
= to be going to do
The “to” in English makes it an infinitive.
The
“going to”
makes it
future. Slide10
The Future Infinitive
The future infinitive is formed with the future participle.
The future participle of non-deponent verbs is formed by removing the
–us
or
–um
from the fourth principal part and adding
–
ūrus
.
amātus
=>
amātūrus
uentum
=>
uentūrus
factus
=>
factūrusSlide11
The Future Infinitive
The future participle of deponent verbs is formed by removing the
–us
from the perfect deponent participle and adding
–
ūrus
.
(The perfect deponent participle is really the same form as the fourth principal part in
non-deponent verbs.)
ēgredior
,
ēgredī
,
ēgressus
sum =>
ēgressūrus
minor,
minārī
,
minātus
sum =>
minātūrusSlide12
The Future Infinitive
The future participle is an adjective of the first and second declension like
multus
, -a, -um.
It means
about to X
on the point of Xing
intending to X
going to XSlide13
The Future Infinitive
The
future infinitive
is made by adding the infinitive
esse
to the future participle.
amō
,
amāre
,
amāuī
,
amātus
=>
amātūrus
, -a, -um
esse
= to be going to loveSlide14
The Future Infinitive
dīcō
,
dīcere
,
dīxī
,
dictus
=>
dictūrus
, -a, -um
esse
= to be going to
say
prōgredior
,
prōgredī
,
prōgressus
sum
=>
prōgressūrus
, -a, -um
esse
= to be going
to advance