Sandra CARRASCO David OBrien Faculty of Architecture Business and Planning University of Melbourne Australia 1 1 Background Is this all that has been lost 2 What kind of builtenvironment do we rebuild after a major natural disaster ID: 626702
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URBANISM OF EMERGENCY: Use and Adaptation of Public Open Spaces in Disaster-induced Resettlement Sites
Sandra CARRASCO*, David O’BrienFaculty of Architecture Business and Planning, University of Melbourne, Australia.
1Slide2
1. BackgroundIs this all that has been lost?
2What kind of built-environment do we rebuild after a major natural disaster?
Infrastructure: Roads, facilities lines, communications, schools, hospitals, etc.
Complex process with multiple actors involved
Communal facilities: Community centers, etc.
Housing: Temporary/Permanent Slide3
1. Background3
Involuntary (Forced) Resettlement:
Loss of livelihoods
Loss of sense of community
Poverty
Banned to retourn
EMOTIONAL STRESSES AND TRAUMA
Physical community, Loss of social ties, Networks
Loss of human environment
Suicides
Isolated deathSlide4
PLACELESNESS
1. Background4
Despite that the post-disaster settlements are probably the most planned, we are still unable to plan
HUMAN
settlements
Physical Environment
Human Environment
Attachments
Identities
Social-spatial bondsSlide5
2. Role of open and communal spaces for community recovery:5
Individual and collective relationships
Sense of Identity, Community Belonging, Attachment
COMMON PHYSICAL SPACE
Balance between public and private activities
These
spaces
provide channels for movement, the nodes of communication, and the common grounds for play and relaxationSlide6
3. Research ObjectiveTo analyse how residents of these settlements adapt the
open public spaces in their neighbourhood and around their homes, and how this affects their social interaction in an attempt to improve their living conditions in the community. 6Slide7
CASE STUDY 1:7
Creation of spaces for interaction in temporary housing in Japan
470,000 displaced persons
2-6 months were allocated in temporary housing
39,032 temporary shelters, built in 614 complexes
Feb. 2017
120,000 evacuees
40,000 in Temporary housing
After 6 years
How temporary is “Temporary Housing”?Slide8
CASE STUDY 1:8
Creation of spaces for interaction in temporary housing in Japan
Different settlement layouts of temporary housing in TohokuSlide9
CASE STUDY 1:9
Creation of spaces for interaction in temporary housing in Japan
A gazebo built by volunteers for the communal use in a small and remote siteSlide10
CASE STUDY 1:10
Creation of spaces for interaction in temporary housing in Japan
Indoor communal space in a large settlement
Spontaneous communal activities in open spaces perform by residents of temporary housing settlementsSlide11
CASE STUDY 1:11
Creation of spaces for interaction in temporary housing in Japan
Temporary community initiated public open spaces and community gardeningSlide12
CASE STUDY 2:12
Social spaces and “fiestas” in permanent housing in the PhilippinesAfter the 2012 Typhoon Washi that displaced 228,576 persons in the city of Cagayan de Oro
In the following 4 months
Affected residents were resettled between 5 to 20 km away from the original settlements
Pressure for quick results lead to:
Inappropriate land classification
lack of technical supervision
Inadequate provision of facilities
and communal amenitiesSlide13
CASE STUDY 2:13
Social spaces and “fiestas” in permanent housing in the Philippines
Communal spaces in resettlement sitesSlide14
CASE STUDY 2:14
Social spaces and “fiestas” in permanent housing in the Philippines
Alternative use of streets as communal meeting areasSlide15
CASE STUDY 2:15
Social spaces and “fiestas” in permanent housing in the Philippines
“Fiestas” decoration and use of
open public spaces during local festive eventsSlide16
CONCLUSIONS 16
There is ambiguity in the definition of temporality of settlements.The recovery of the physical environment is not limited to housing.Socio-cultural connections provide security and inclusion of different groups in the community.
Spaces for casual interaction resulted more effective and accessible.
It is crucial to analyse appropriateness of social spaces and their flexibility.
Displaced communities proved to be independent and proactive.
Social spaces should be considered as mean for recovery, hazard mitigation, and resilience.Slide17
Thank you
very much for your attention.
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