Objectives By the end of this session you will be able to Understand how diseases can spread Understand the connection between humans health animals health and a healthy environment ID: 927261
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Slide1
Definition of health risks/events and transmission
Slide2Objectives
By the end of this session, you will be able to:
• Understand how diseases can spread
• Understand the connection between human’s health, animal´s health and a healthy environment
• Understand the infection cycle
• Understand what vulnerability to epidemics are
• Understand how volunteers can contribute to prevent epidemics and be able to discuss why CBS volunteers look at health risks/ events rather than diseases
• Be able to recognize sign and symptoms related to the health risk/event relevant for the context
Slide3Activity: glitter
Slide4Infection and epidemic cycles
One sick person, or one vector, can infect many people = EPIDEMIC
4
Slide5Slide6Slide7Activity: How do
disease
enter the body?
Divide in
groups
Draw a person Discuss in the groups: how/where a germ can enter a body? Mark the answers on the person drawn on the paper
Slide8The spread of disease
8
Breathe
Wounds, insect bites
Eat & drink
Pregnancy & breastfeeding
Sexual contact
Slide9Slide10Activity: the story of transmission
Slide11Vulnerability
Some people are more vulnerable;
at higher risk of contracting the infection, AND
at higher risk of severe disease or death.
Slide12Activity – vulnerability
Category
Vulnerability
Why
Babies
Chlidren
Pregnant women
Healthy working people
Elderly people
Soldiers
Farmers
Factory workers
HIV + people
Health care workers
Single parents and widows
Poor
Slide13What is a health risk/event?
Why do we report on health risk/events and not diseases?
Slide14Activity: how to recognize the health risk/event?
Slide15Instruction
Choose
the slides relevant for your training. They are divided in
sections
.
Delete this slide before the training
Slide16Acute diarrhoeal disease
3 or more loose or liquid stools over a period of 24 hours
Symptoms
Possible stomach pains, fever, nausea and vomiting
Can cause dehydration and death
Slide17Questions to the video
How
did
cholera spread in the movie?
How
did
they prevent the disease to be spread?What did the son give the father when he was sick?
Slide18Acute diarrhoeal disease
Advise on:
Explain how to prepare salt and sugar solution and/or give ORS (ECV action tool 9 and 10)
Handwashing (ECV action tool 35) Safe food and water (ECV action tool 30 and 31) Good sanitation facilities (ECV action tool 32)
Slide19Bloody diarrhea
Community case definition:
Loose stools with visible blood
Slide20Advise on:
Explain how to prepare salt and sugar solution and/or give ORS,
Explain good handwashing
Safe water and foodAppropriate sanitation facilities.
Slide21Fever and rash
Community case definition:
Fever and rash. Often accompanied by or start with runny nose, tiredness, headache, feeling unwell
Slide22Advise on
:
Handwashing (ECV action tool 35)
Coughing etiquette (ECV action tool 26) Social distance (ECV action tool 28) Refer to health facility (ECV action tool 4) Advise community members to follow routine vaccination if available (ECV action tool 24)
Slide23Fever and yellow
eyes
Community case definition: Sudden fever with yellow in the eyes or skin appearing within 2 weeks of becoming ill.
Slide24Fever and yellow
eyes
Advise on: Community clean-up campaigns to eliminate mosquito breeding grounds (ECV action tool 38)Advice community members to follow routine vaccination (ECV action tool 24)
Slide25Fever and bleeding
Community case definition:
Fever with bleeding from the nose, eyes, mouth, skin, gums or blood in the stool, vomit or urine (not due to an accident) OR a person died after an unexplained severe illness with fever and bleeding
Slide26Questions to the video
How
did
Ebola spread in the movie?How did
they
prevent the disease to be spread?What was done to prevent Ebola from beeing spread?
Slide27Fever and bleeding
Advise on:
Use personal protective equipment (ECV action tool 5 and 6)
Encourage social distance (ECV action tool 28) Isolate person until help arrive or refer through safe transportation (ECV action tool 4)
Slide28Fever and body pain
Community Case Definition:
High fever, with muscle and joint pain / body pain
Tiredness, headache, diarrhoea or constipation
Slide29Fever and body pain
Advise on:
Handwashing (ECV action tool 35)
Safe water and food (ECV action tools 30 and 31) Appropriate sanitation facilities ECV action tools 32) Refer to health facility if person is very tired or cannot eat or drink or refer all to health facility if there is a risk of malaria, meningitis or yellow fever in your area. (ECV action tool 4)
Slide30Fever and neck
stiffness
Community case definition: Neck stiffness (children under 15 years), high fever
Slide31Fever and neck
stiffness
Advise on:
Refer to health facility (ECV action tool 4) Routine vaccination if available (ECV action tool 24) Handwashing (ECV action tool 35) Coughing etiquette (ECV tool 26)
Advise against overcrowding.
Slide32Cough and difficulty
breathing
Community health definition:
Cough and difficulty breathing. Can start with fever, runny nose, tiredness, headache, feeling unwell
Slide33Cough and difficulty
breathing
Advise on: Encourage social distance (ECV action tool 28)
Explain importance of handwashing (ECV action tool 35)
Refer to health facility if difficult breathing (ECV action tool 4)
Slide34Fever and painful
throat
Community case definition: High fever, very painful sore throat, difficulty breathing/ swallowing and/or swollen throat
Slide35Fever and painful
throat
Advise on: Encourage social distance (ECV action tool 28) Refer to health facility (ECV action tool 4)
Advise on vaccination where this is available (ECV action tool 24)
Provide home care for fever (sponging) (ECV action tool 12)
Slide36Acute flaccid
paralysis
Community case defintion: Child under 15 suddenly paralysed - Legs or arms are weak and floppy, the person is suddenly unable to walk or crawl (not due to an accident)
Slide37Acute flaccid
paralysis
Advise on: Refer to health facility (ECV action tool 4)
Handwashing (ECV action tool 35)
Safe water (ECV action tool 30)
Use of appropriate sanitation facilities (ECV action tool 32) Vaccination (ECV action tool 24)
Slide38Painful swelling
under
the
arms and groin Community case definition: Any person with painful swelling under the arms or in the groin area.
Slide39Painful swelling
under
the
arms and groin Advise on:
Encourage community cleaning to avoid rodents and fleas close to households (ECV action tool 32)
Refer to health facility (ECV action tool 4)
Slide40Acute malnutrition
Community
case definition: Red or yellow score on MUAC screening (MUAC <125mm)
Slide41Acute malnutrition
Advise on:
Refer malnourished children to health facility or nutrition facility immediately (ECV action tool 4) Promote vitamin A Advise on handwashing (ECV action tool 35)
Slide42Cluster of
unusual
illnesses or deaths in peopleCommunity case
definition
:
Cluster of people (3+) suddenly sick or died with the same signs of illness
Slide43Cluster of
unusual
illnesses or deaths in peopleAdvise on
:
Social distance (ECV action tool 28)
Handwashing (ECV action tool 35) Note the types of symptoms and inform the health facility Refer sick people to health facilities (ECV action tool 4)
Slide44Unusual event
Community
case definition: Anything happening in the community that is unusual and seem to pose a risk or causing concern in the community
Slide45Note to
facilitator
:
in this health risk/event should you
og back to
the
list made in session 3 (VCA), and use the information found to discuss what is unusual events in the local context.
Slide46Unusual event
Advise
on: Listen to notifications from authoritiesAssist people to stay safe
Use evacuation centres if available
Send updates to your supervisor.
Slide47Animal with aggressive
unusual
behaviour Community case definition: Aggressive, possibly trying to bite everything, people, other animals or objects.
AND, 2 + of the following:
Excessive uncontrolled hyperactivity, or seizures A lot of saliva, uncontrolled drooling Fear of light or fear of water – stay hidden.
Slide48Advise on:
Stay clear from the affected animal.
Provide first aid to people - wash wounds, bites, scratches for 15 minutes with soapy water.
Refer to health facility if injured. (ECV action tool 4)
Slide49Animal deaths with unusual bleeding
Sudden deaths of animals with unexplained bleeding from gums, eyes, nose or anus, or blood in stools or vomit.
Slide50Animal deaths with unusual bleeding
Advise
on: Promote protective gear for farmersIsolate sick animalsNotify veterinary officials. Advise communities to cook all meats and animal products very well.
Advise against eating animals which have died with illness
Slide51Cluster livestock abortions or young animal deaths
Community case definition:
Cluster of abortions in livestock and/or sudden deaths of many young lambs/ calves
Slide52Cluster livestock abortions or young animal deaths
Advise on:
Promote protective gear for farmers
Isolate sick animalsNotify veterinary officialsAdvise cooking all meat and animal products very wellAdvise against eating animals which have died with illness
Slide53Unusual bird
deaths
Community case definition: Cluster of sudden deaths of birds, ducks or chickens in local area. (All within one small village area in the past 2-week period).
Slide54Unusual bird
deaths
Advise on: Promote protective gear for farmersIsolate sick animalsNotify veterinary officials
Advise against eating meat, eggs, milk products from animals which died with illness
Slide55Cluster of unusual illnesses or deaths in animal
Community case definition:
Cluster of animals (3+) with illness or sudden deaths that is unusual and unknown cause. All within one small village area in the past 2-week period.
Slide56Cluster of unusual illnesses or deaths in animal
Advise on:
Promote protective gear for farmers
Isolate sick animalsNotify veterinary officials
Slide57List of
actions
Action: Refer to health facility (ECV action tool 4)
Action: Volunteer protection and safety (Action tool 5)
Action: Personal protection equipment (PPE) for highly infectious diseases (Action tool 6)
Action: Assessment of dehydration (ECV action tool 7)Action: Preparing an oral rehydration solution (ORS) (ECV action tool 9)Action: Giving an oral rehydration solution (ORS) (ECV action tool 10) Action: Managing fever (ECV action tool 12)Action: Breastfeeding (ECV action tool 13) Action: Infant and young child feeding in emergencies (ECV action tool 14) Action: Isolating sick people (ECV action tool 20) Action: Advise community members to follow routine vaccination if available (action tool 24) Action: Coughing etiquette (ECV action tool 26) Action: Social distance (ECV action tool 28)Action: Clean, safe household water (ECV action tool 30)
Action: Good food hygiene (ECV action tool 31) Action: Sanitation (ECV action tool 32) Action: Building and maintaining latrines (ECV action tool 33) Action: Handwashing (ECV action tool 35): Action: Waste disposal and clean-up campaigns (ECV action tool 38)