amp Growth Learning Objectives Describe the characteristics of normal healthy nails Describe the nine basic parts of the nail unit Discuss how nails grow Introduction You cannot perform professional nail services without understanding the structure and growth of the natural nail ID: 918031
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Slide1
Chapter 9
Nail Structure
&
Growth
Slide2Learning Objectives
Describe the characteristics of normal, healthy nails.
Describe the nine basic parts of the nail unit.
Discuss how nails grow.
Slide3Introduction
You cannot perform professional nail services without understanding the structure and growth of the natural nail.
Specializing in nail services will add extra revenue to your pocket and give you another way to express your creative talent.
By becoming familiar with the anatomy and physiology of the nail, you will be able to better recognize abnormalities and disorders that can and cannot service in a salon.
Slide4Distinguish the Structure of the Natural Nail
The Natural Nail
Onyx – the technical term for
natural nail
The onyx is the hard protective plate composed mainly of keratin, the fiber-shaped protein found in skin and hair.
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Slide5A normal, healthy nail is firm but flexible.Surface is shiny, smooth, unspotted.
Whitish and translucent in appearance, with the pinkish color of the nail bed below showing through.
Water content is between 15 and 25 percent
Distinguish the Structure of the Natural Nail
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continued
)
Slide6[Insert ICON4 here]
Slide7Identify Nail Anatomy
Nail plate (nail body)
Free edge
Nail bed
Matrix
Lunula
Cuticle
Eponychium
Perionychium
Hyponychium
Specialized
ligaments
Nail folds
Sidewall
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Slide8Identify Nail Anatomy (continued)
Slide9Nail Plate
The most visible and functional part of the nail unit
Rests on/slides across nail bed
Formed by matrix cells
Constructed in layers
Free edge extends over tips of finger or toe
Slide10Nail Bed
Skin supporting nail plate as it grows toward free edge
Extends from
lunula
to just before free edge
Attached to nail plate by a thin layer of tissue called
bed epithelium
Supplied with many blood vessels
Slide11Matrix
Where nail plate cells are formed
Composed of matrix cells that produce nail plate
Contains nerves, lymph, and blood vessels to nourish nails
Extends from under nail fold at base of nail plate
Slide12Lunula
Visible part of matrix
Whitish, half-moon shape at base of nail
Color caused by reflection of light off matrix surface
Some are hidden under
eponychium
Slide13Cuticle
Dead, colorless tissue attached to nail plate from underside of skin that lies above natural nail plate
Sticks tight to the nail plate; difficult to remove from nail plate
Seals the space between the natural nail plate and living skin above to prevent entry of foreign material and microorganisms
Slide14Eponychium
The living skin at base of nail plate covering matrix
Often mistaken for cuticle
Cannot be trimmed or cut by nail technician
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Slide16Perionychium
The living skin bordering the root and sides of a fingernail or toenail
Slide17Hyponychium
The slightly thickened skin that lies between the fingertip and the free edge
Protective barrier that seals the free edge, preventing microorganisms from invading
and infecting the nail bed
Slide18Specialized Ligaments
Tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones or hold an organ in place
Attach the nail bed and matrix bed to underlying bone
Located at base of matrix and around edges of nail bed
Slide19Nail Folds
Folds of normal skin surrounding nail plate
Form nail grooves or furrow on each side
of the nail
Slide20Sidewall
Also known as the lateral nail fold
The fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail
Slide21Discuss Nail Growth
Growth is affected by nutrition, general health, and exercise.
Nails grow forward, starting at matrix and extending over fingertip.
Nails grow in a variety of shapes.
Average growth is 1/8 to 1/10 of an inch per month.
Growth is faster in summer than winter.
Children’s nails grow faster than adults’ nails.
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Slide22Discuss Nail Growth (continued)
Slide23Nail Malformation
This can be a temporary or permanent condition caused by disease, injury, or infection that has affected the matrix.
The shape or thickness of the nail plate can appear altered or deformed.
Nail malformation can cause a person to shed a nail.
Replacement of a natural fingernail takes
4 to 6 months.
Replacement of a toenail takes 9 to 12 months.
Slide24Aging
As a person ages, parts of the nail matrix begin to permanently slow down production, causing the plate to develop a series of narrow grooves running down the length of the plate.
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Slide26Know Your Nails
Many cosmetologists are interested in nails because of the creative opportunities they present.
As with every other area of cosmetology, this creativity must be grounded in a full awareness of the structure and physiology of the nails and the surrounding tissue.
Slide27Summary and Review
Well-manicured nails, whether natural or artificially applied, have always been recognized as an indication
of good grooming; nails originate in the epidermal layer
of the skin and, like hair, their condition is dependent upon the individual’s overall health.
A balanced diet filled with the daily required vitamins and nutrients will help produce healthy, disorder-free nails.
Remember that your creativity in providing quality nail services must be grounded in a thorough knowledge and awareness of the structure and physiology of the nails.
Slide28Chapter Review Questions
What is the technical term for the natural nail?
What is the major protein that makes up the natural nail?
Describe the appearance of a normal, healthy nail.
Name the basic parts of the nail unit.
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Slide295. Explain the difference between the nail plate and the nail bed.
6
.
What part of the nail unit contains the nerves, lymph, and blood vessels?
7. What is the difference between the cuticle and the
eponychium
?
Chapter Review Questions
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Slide308. Why are cosmetologists not allowed to cut the skin around the base of the nail plate, even if the client requests this during the service?
9. What can affect the growth of the nail plate?
Chapter Review Questions
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