Chapter 16 - Tobacco How was tobacco first introduced / marketed to society? - PowerPoint Presentation

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Chapter 16 - Tobacco

How was tobacco first introduced / marketed to society?What is the difference between cigarettes and e-cigarettes?

Cigarettes

NicotinePsychoactive drug in cigarettes Tar The dark, sticky substance that

forms when tobacco burns

Tar contains many chemicals that are known carcinogens, or cancer-causing agents.

Secondhand smoke

–

environmental tobacco smoke

Chemicals in Tobacco Products

Effects of NicotineNervous System• Increases activity level

• Mimics neurotransmitters• Decreases some reflex actions• Activates the brain’s

“reward pathway”

Respiratory System

• Increases mucus production

• Decreases muscle action in the lungs’ airways• Causes breathing to become more shallow

Cardiovascular System

• Increases heart rate and the force of contractions

• Increases blood pressure

• Reduces blood flow to skin

• Increases risk of

blood clotting

Digestive System

• Increases saliva production

• Decreases the amount of insulin released from the pancreas

• Increases bowel activity

Risks of tobacco use

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) – gradual loss of lung functionCHRONIC BRONCHITIS - inflamed airways

EMPHYSEMA - alveoli in the lungs can no longer function properly

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE – disease of the heart and lungs

CANCER

After

5 years

Stroke risk is the same as a nonsmokerRisk of mouth and throat cancer is

half that of a current smoker

After 10 years

Lung cancer rate is about half that of a current smoker

Life expectancy is comparable to a nonsmoker

E- cigarettes

Are E-cigarettes safe?Who is the target market / audience for E- cigarette manufacturers?What chemicals are in e-cigarette vapors?

What do we know?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6hH-PQ7Ct8

E-cigarettes – electronic nicotine delivery systems

or personal vaporizersCartridge - Heating device - Power sourceInhale an aerosol (vapor) containing nicotine or other substancesDifferent Nicotine strengthsVaping – inhaling chemical vapor through a personal vaporizer

FDA

– US Food and Drug AdministrationAugust 8, 2016Authority to regulate the manufacturing, distribution, and marketing of tobacco productsRequires health warningsBans free samplesRequires manufacturers to show that their products meet the applicable public health standard set by lawRestricts youth access (must be over 18 and show Id)Allows the FDA to further evaluate and assess the impact of these products on the health of both users and non-users

FDA – US Food and

Drug AdministrationAugust 8, 2016Helps prevent young people from starting to use these products, helps consumers better understand the risks of using these products.Prohibits false and misleading product claims

Nicotine is not safe – addictive substance

Negatively impacts adolescent brain developmentAssociated with lasting cognitive and behavioral impairmentsMemory and attentionMood DisordersWithdrawal symptomsPermanent lowering of impulse control

The brain is still growing / developing until about 25 years old

Each time a new memory is created or a new skill is learned, stronger connections – or synapses – are built between brain cells

Aerosol (Vapor

)propylene glycolContains nicotine and other potentially harmful chemicals, including known carcinogensUltrafine particles that can be inhaled deep into the lungsDiacetyl (flavoring) chemical linked to a serious lung diseaseVolatile organic compounds LeadNickel

Other Chemicals

Detectable levels of toxic cancer-causing chemicals in the flavored vaporAntifreezeFormaldehydeFEMA GRAS – The Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States – Generally recognized as safeAcetaldehyde – colorless, flammable liquid - used as a flavoring agentToxic metal nanoparticles from the vapor mechanism

RESEARCH

Found genetic changes to human bronchial cells grown in vitro in a medium exposed to e-cigarette vaporReduction in exhaled nitric oxide – alter lung functionBatteries have explodedRefillable cartridges – exposure to potentially toxic levels of nicotine when refilling them

ANTI – TOBACCO / ANTI – E-CIGARETTE CAMPAIGN

Create an anti-smoking poster promoting a smoke free lifestyle(informative; entertaining; thought provoking)Target Audience : Peers