Acetaldehyde Chloral hydrate Benzaldehyde Aceton Acetophenone It contains variety of chemical compound including benzoate ceosol benzaldehyde y terpineol nerolidol ID: 910613
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Slide1
Aldehydes and
ketons
Formaldehyde.
Acetaldehyde.
Chloral hydrate.
Benzaldehyde
.
Aceton
.
Acetophenone
.
Slide2It
contains variety of chemical compound including benzoate,
ceosol
,,
benzaldehyde
, y-
terpineol
, nerolidol, isohytol, phytol and acetic acid
Chloral Hydrate is a sedative/hypnotic drug used to treat insomnia
Slide3Aldehydes and ketons
acetophenone
aceton
benzaldehyde
Chloral hydrate
acetaldehyde
formaldehyde
aromaticaliphaticaromaticaliphaticTrue liq. oily
True liq. mobileTrue liq. oilySolid micro crystalline
True liq. mobile
Liq. mobile
solutioncolorlesswhitecolorlesscharactersticpungent
Slide4Ignition test
acetophenonebenzaldehyde
Chloral
hydrate
aceton
acetaldehydeformaldehyde
inflammableNon inflammableinflammableluminous-
Nonluminous
smoky
-
No smokyvolatilizationmeltingvolatilizationNo change
No change
No residue
Slide5Acid base character
acetophenonebenzaldehyde
Chloral
hyderate
aceton
acetaldehyde
formaldehydeimmiscible
solublemiscibleH2ONot doneNo changeNo chang
L.Pimmiscible
Not done
Dil
HClimmiscible10% NaOH?
H2SO4
All neutral
Slide6Preliminary test
Soda lime test:Only for solid
Few
chlorahydrate
+few soda lime in
mortor →sweety
odor of chloroform odor
Do not smell
Slide730%NaOH :
It is done for compound with no ᾳ hydrogen
like aromatic aldehyde(
bezaldehyde
) and formaldehyde:
In this case Called
self oxidation –reduction reaction .Called
cannizzaro᾿s reaction.Difficult to be done ( need time and high temp.)
Benzyl alc.+ benzoic acid
Methanol + formic acid
Slide8in case of compound with ᾳ
hydrogen like acteldehyde.
Called
aldol
condensation
:
Dil acetaldehyde + xss 30%
NaOH →yellow resin of bad apple odorB-hydroxy
aldehyde
Slide9Fecl3:All no reaction.
Conc. H2SO4:
no reaction with all except with
chlorahydrate
.
Few
chlorahydrate + Conc. H2SO4 on cold →sepration of oily layer of chloral
Chlorahydrate: chlor. +30%NaOH on cold but some times need to warm → sweety odor of chloroform +oily droplet.Aceton and acetophenone: no reaction.
Slide10General test
2,4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine test:
silver mirror test (
tollen
᾿
s reagent test or ammonical
silver nitrate test:fehling reagent test or
fehling reduction test
Slide112,4
dinitrophenyl hydrazine test
Formaldehyde acetaldehyde
Chlorahydrate
aceton
Benzaldehyde acetophenone
Slide12formaldehyde: yellow ppt.
Acetaldehyde: yellow orange ppt.Chlorahydrate: no reaction ( yellow color)
Aceton
: orange yellow ppt.
Benzaldehyde
: orange ppt.
Acetophenone: orange ppt.
Slide13silver mirror test (tollen᾿s
reagent test or (ammonical silver nitrate test
tollen
᾿
s reagent:
1-5 ml of silver nbitrate + 1 dp
10% NaOH →black ppt. of Ag2O (SLIVER OXIDE) + dil. NH4OH until clear solution obtained 1 ml tollen᾿s reagent + 1ml aldehydes or ketons heat on water bath for 10 minutes then cool on rack
Slide14Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde: rapidly give silver mirror.
Chlorahydrate and benzaldehyde: silver mirror after longer time on the water bath.
Aceton
and
acetophenone
: no reaction..
Slide15fehling reagent test or
fehling reduction testMix equal amount of
fehling
A + B to give blue color of cupric ion
Few aldehydes or
ketons
+ few Na2CO3 + fehling
mix and put it in water bath yellow or red ppt. of cuprous oxideFormaldehyde actaldehyde : rapidly change in color.Chlorahydrat and benzaldehyde
: take longer time to change the color.
Aceton
and
acetophenone:
no reaction
Slide16Specific test
benzaldehyde
acetaldehyde
formaldehyde
Aldehydes test
No reaction
No reaction
Crimson red colorSalicylic acid test:Alds +salic. a. +Conc H
2SO4
No
rection
Yellow resin(dil. Acetaldehyde)-ve result (yellow color)Iodoform test:Alds.+ 10% NaOH
* +Xss iodine (wait)
No reactionRed color(dil.
With water to see it)Clear with lightNo red color
Na nitroprusside
test: alds.+ Na nitro. +10%NaOH
Needle crystal of benzoic acid-
-
Auto oxidation test
:
Slide17acetophenone
acetonKetones test
Yellow ppt.
Yellow ppt.
Iodoform
test:
Red color
Red colorNa nitroprusside test:Violet color in organic layer(dissolve acetophenone
in ethanol)Deep violet color slowly fade
Meta
dinitro
benzen test:Kets. + meta dinitro benzene+ Xss 10% NaOH (Shake)chlorahydrate
Soda lime test:
sweety odor of chloroform.Conc. H
2SO4: sepration of chloral layer.
30% NaOH
: oily droplet and chloroform odor
Slide18IR
locationC-H stretching band of aliphatic under 3000 cm
-1
.
C-H stretching band of aromatic above 3000 cm
-1
.Carbonyl group stretching band of aldehyde at 1725 cm
-1.Carbonyl group stretching band of ketone at 1715 cm-1