Chapter 24 Landforms and Resources Chapter 24 Section 1 Main Ideas South Asia is a subcontinent of peninsulas bordered by mountains and oceans A wide variety of natural resources helps sustain life in the region ID: 810379
Download The PPT/PDF document "The Land Where Continents Collided" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
The Land Where Continents Collided
Chapter 24
Slide2Landforms and Resources
Chapter 24
Section 1
Slide3Main IdeasSouth Asia is a subcontinent of peninsulas bordered by mountains and oceans.
A wide variety of natural resources helps sustain life in the region.
Slide4Overview
South Asia
1. India
2. Pakistan
3. Bangladesh
4. Bhutan
5. Nepal
6. Sri Lanka7. Maldives
Slide5Mountains and PlateausSubcontinent
A large landmass that is smaller than a continent
South Asia is often referred to as the Indian subcontinent
One half the size of the continental US
More than one billion people
Slide6Mountains and Plateaus
Natural barriers separate South Asia from the rest of Asia
Mountain
Ranges
Indian Ocean
Arabian Sea
Bay of Bengal
Slide7Northern Mountains
The gradual collision of two tectonic plates forced the land upward into enormous mountain ranges. These mountains, which are still rising, now form the northern edge of the South Asian subcontinent.
Slide8Northern Mountains
The Himalayas form a giant barrier between the Indian subcontinent and China. Mt. Everest, the world’s tallest peak, sits at the heart of the Himalayas. Within these mountains are the remote, landlocked kingdoms
of Nepal and Bhutan.
Himalayas
Slide9Northern Mountains
Panoramic
view from
the top of
Mount Everest
Slide10Slide11Northern Mountains
Hindu Kush
Khyber Pass
Slide12Northern Mountains
K2
Karakoram Mountains
Slide13Slide14Southern Mountains
Vindhya Range
Deccan Plateau
Western Ghats
Eastern Ghats
Slide15Rivers, Deltas, and Plains
Indus River
Ganges River
Brahmaputra River
The
Three
Great
Rivers
Slide16Fertile PlainsAlluvial plain
Land that is rich farmland
Composed of clay, silt, sand, or gravel deposited by running water
The Indo-Gangetic Plain is one of the most fertile farming regions in the world.
Slide17Slide18Fertile Plains
The Indo-
Gangetic
Plain is
the most heavily populated
part of South Asia.
Slide19Fertile Plains
One of the world’s most arid regions—the Thar, or Great Indian Desert.
Slide20Sri Lanka: The subcontinent’s “Tear Drop”
Slide21The Maldives ArchipelagoArchipelagoA set of closely grouped islands
island group
The Maldives consist of 1,200 small islands
Slide22The Maldives ArchipelagoAtoll
A ring-like coral or string of small islands surrounding a lagoon
Most of the Maldives are this type
Slide23Natural ResourcesWater and Soil
Hydroelectric
plant in northern India
Irrigating a
farm along
the Ganges
Fishing in Bangladesh
Traditional boat on the
Indus in Pakistan
Irrigation, Fishing, Transportation & Power
Slide24Forests
Timber and other forest products are important to the region’s economy as many of the woods found here are highly sought after.
Less than one-fifth of India’s original forests remain.
Deforestation has caused major problems to the ecosystem in Bangladesh.
Deforestation causes soil erosion, flooding, landslides, and loss of wildlife habitats.
Slide25Minerals
Slide26Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 24
Section 2
Slide27Main IdeasClimate conditions in South Asia range from frigid cold in the high mountains to intense heat in the deserts.
Seasonal winds affect both the climate and vegetation of South Asia.
Slide28Climate-Wet and Dry, Hot and Cold
Half the climate zones that exists on earth can be found in South Asia.
Six different climate zones.
The Highland Zone has the coldest climate.
Area of the Himalayas and other northern mountains, where snow exists year-round.
Slide29Climate-Wet and Dry, Hot and Cold
Humid Subtropical
Zone
Includes the foothills and valleys of Nepal, Bhutan, and northern India
much warmer than highland zone
The Indo-Gangetic Plain also occupies much of this region.
Slide30Climate-Wet and Dry, Hot and Cold
Semiarid Zone
A region of high temperatures and light rainfall
Found at the western end of the Plain and in parts of the Deccan Plateau.
Slide31Climate-Wet and Dry, Hot and Cold
Desert Zone
Covers much of the lower Indus Valley, in the borderlands of western India and southern Pakistan.
The driest part of this area, the Thar Desert, gets very little rain—averaging 10 inches a year.
Slide32Climate-Wet and Dry, Hot and Cold
Tropical Zones
Found along the western and eastern coasts of India and in Bangladesh.
Temperatures are high, and rainfall is heavy---
Tropical Wet has much more precipitation than the Tropical Wet and Dry.
Slide33Monsoons
Slide34MonsoonsMonsoon
Seasonal wind
Last from June to September
Brings crucial rainfall to South Asia
Also brings severe hardship
Annual monsoons replenish soil
nutrients and form fertile farmland
but often inundate Bangladesh.
Slide35CyclonesCycloneA violent storm with fierce winds and heavy rain
The most extreme weather pattern of South Asia
Most destructive in Bangladesh
Called hurricanes in the Western hemisphere
Slide36Slide37Vegetation: Desert to Rain Forest
The most forested parts of South Asia lie within the Tropical Wet Zone, particularly the western coast of India and southern Bangladesh. Lush rain forests of teak, ebony, and bamboo are found there, along with mangroves in the delta areas.
Slide38Vegetation: Desert to Rain Forest
In the Highland Zone, which includes northern India, Nepal, and Bhutan, there are forests of pine, fir, and other evergreens.
Slide39Vegetation: Desert to Rain Forest
The river valleys and foothills of the
most of India make up the Humid
Subtropical Zone
which
have forests of sal, oak, chestnut, and various palms.
Slide40Vegetation: Desert to Rain Forest
In the semiarid areas of South Asia, such as the Deccan Plateau and the Pakistan-India border, there is less vegetation. The main plant life is desert shrubs and grasses.
Slide41Vegetation: Desert to Rain Forest
The driest areas, like the
Thar
Desert, have little plant life, and as a result, few people live there.
Slide42Vegetation: Desert to Rain Forest
The Tropical Wet and Dry areas of northern Sri Lanka produces both grasses and trees
Slide43Human-Environment Interaction
Chapter 24
Section 3
Slide44Main IdeasRivers play a central role in the lives of South Asians.
Water pollution and flooding pose great challenges to South Asian countries.
Slide45Living Along the Ganges
Hinduism is religion of most Indians.
The Ganges River is an important water source and a sacred river.
People feel it is too sacred
to
be harmed by pollution
Hindus believe the water has healing powers
Slide46The Polluted GangesThe major polluting industries on the Ganges are the leather industries, which use large amounts of chromium and other chemicals.
Nearly 1 billion liters of waste per day, of mostly untreated raw sewage is dumped into the river.
Inadequate cremation procedures contributes to a large number of partially burnt or unburnt corpses floating down the Ganges, in addition to livestock corpses.
Slide47Controlling the Feni RiverRivers in Bangladesh are crucial to the country’s survival.
The
Feni River
overflows its coastal plain during the wet season and cyclones often cause storm surges.
Storm surges
High water level brought by a cyclone that swamps low-lying areas
Slide48Slide49Controlling the Feni RiverTo control the Feni a dam was built in 1985.
Bangladesh had
one key asset for such a project—abundant human resources.
The base of the dam was made of mats of bamboo weighed down with boulders, and covered by clay-filled bags.
The dam was built to form an estuary.
Slide50Controlling the Feni River
Feni Dam
Slide51Controlling the Feni RiverEstuary
An arm of the sea at the lower end of a river
A broadened seaward end of a river, where the river’s currents meet the ocean’s tides
Feni estuary at low tide