The EVOlution of the - PowerPoint Presentation

1. The EVOlution of the EUEU-LAW Week 3

2. İmportant ConceptsDeepening: developing and strengthening the EU’s competences and policies as well as the institutional structure (throught new treaties)Widening: İncreasing the EU’s membership through the process of enlargement i.e. Accepting the entry of new member states

3. 1. DEVELOPMENT (DEEPENİNG)AİM: Change in the powers and competencies of the European İntegration from merely aimimg to establish a common market to a European Union to establish an economic and political union amongst its member statesThrough Treaty amendments:1965: Merger Treaty1966: The Luxembourg Accords1986: Single European Act1992: Maastricht Treaty1997: Treaty of Amsterdam2000: Treaty of Nice2009: Treaty of Lisbon2011: Fiscal Compact Treaty

4. A. The Merger TreatySigned in Brussels on 8 april 1965Came into force on 1 July 1967First amendement to the Treaties of Paris & RomeAİM: To merge the most important institutions of all three communities by creating one singleThe CouncilThe Commission (former High Authority)(other 2 institutions COURT and PARLİAMENT already served all 3)

5. B. The Luxebourg Accords 1965: France refused to attend Council meetngsDisagreement over the use of majority voting when taking decisions1966: agreement on unanimous voting where ‘very important matters were at stake’No legal status! BUT in reality right of veto in some matters

6. C.The Single European Act (1)Signed in Luxembourg in February 1986Came into force in July 1987The first major revision of the Treaty of RomeAİM: to complete the single market by 31 December 1992Creating “an area without internal frontiers in which the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is ensured” with more effective institutions and decision-making proceduresİntroducing the “cooperation procedure”: enhancing the role of the European Parliament in the legislative process

7. C.The Single European Act (2)The European Parliament was also given the right of veto over the accession of new Member States, andOver the conclusion of agreements with associate states through the “assent procedure”Giving a legal basis to “European Political Cooperaiton” : better cooperation and coordination of the member states on the foreign policy and security areaEstablishing a Court of First İnstance: to share the workload of the European Court of JusticeThe “European Council”: the formalised version of the Meetings of the Heads of State and Government

8. C.The Single European Act (3)İncluding the “Comitology Procedure”: procedure under which the Council delegates powers to the Commission on certain conditionsİntroducing the “qualified majority voting by the Council” in to a range of areas which had provided for unanimityİnternal market, common customs tariff, right of establishment, services, capital and payments, transport, approximation of lawsAdding some areas to the Community CompetenciesCooperation in economic and monetary union, social policy, economic and social cohesion, research and technological development and environmental policy

9. D. The Maastricht Treaty (1)Signed in Maastricht in February 1991Came into force on 1 November 1993Also called “The Treaty on European Union”AİM: Establishing the European Union under the three pillar structureFirst pillar: the Communities pillar (economic integration)supranationalSecond pillar: Common Foreign and Security pillarintergovernmentalThird pillar: Justice and Home Affairsİntergovernmental

10. D. The Maastricht Treaty (2)

11. D. The Maastricht Treaty (3)Changing the name of the EEC to EC  removing the “economic”So also changing the name of the EEC Treaty to EC Treatyİncreasing the legislative power of the EP through the “co-decision procedure” by allowing it to block legislationGiving the right to the EP to request the Commission to initiate legislation and giving the power to block the appointment of the CommissionAccepting the European Court of Auditors as one of the institutions under article 7(just like the Council, Commission, Parliament, Court of Justice

12. D. The Maastricht Treaty (4)Providing a time table for the European Monetary Union was provided + establishing the European Central Bank and a system of European Central Banks + introducing the foundations for the single currency (EURO)Establishing the European Ombudsman Establishing teh Committee of the RegionsProviding the principle of subsidiarity (article 5)Establishing a concept of European Citizenship (artt. 17-21): “every person holding the nationality of a member state is a citizen of the Union”

13. D. The Maastricht Treaty (5)İncreasing the number of areas that are subject to Qualified Majority VotingF.e. Education, transport, consumer affairs, development aid,…

14. E. The Treaty of Amsterdam (1)Signed in 1997Came into force on 1 May 1999AİM: prepare the Union for the coming enlargement, however proved to be unsuccesfulConsolidation rather than extension of Communityİmprove processesİncrease effectivenessMake the EU more comprehensibleRenumbering the articles of the TreatiesAmending and extending the co-decision procedure

15. E. The Treaty of Amsterdam (2)İncorporation of a large part of the third pillar into the first pillar and renamed the third pillar “police and juudicial cooperation in criminal matters”Changing article 6: to declare that the union was founded on respect for human rights, democracy and the rule of lawRespect for this principles = a condition of application for membership of the Unionİncluding a new non-discrimination provision (possibility to create secondary legislation to combat discrimination based on gender,…)States were encouoraged to work together to combat unemployement New Art. 7: providing that if the Council finds a serious breach of these principles (art 6) : it may suspend some of the State’s rights under that Treatyİncluding a separate title on “closer cooperation”

16. F. The Treaty of NiceSigned inn 2001Cam einto force 2003AİM: Prepare the Union for the coming enlargement (“disappointing)İmportant institutional changesWeighing of votes in the CouncilDistribution of seats in the parliamentComposition of the CommssionEnhancing the role of the EP by extending the number of areas subject to co-decision procedureİncreasing the powers of the Court of Firt İnstance + establishing judicial panels

17. G. A Draft Constitution

18. H. The Treaty of Lisbon

19. 2. ENLARGEMENT (WİDENİNG) (1)1973  1st enlargementUKİrelandDenmark1981  2nd enlargement (a)Greece1986  2nd enlargement (b)SpainPortugal1995  3rd enlargementAustriaSwedenFinland

20. 2. ENLARGEMENT (2)2004  4th enlargement (a)Czech RepublicHungaryPolandSlovakiaSloveniaEstoniaLatviaLithuaniaCyprusMalta2007  4th enlargement (b)RomaniaBulgaria

21. 2. ENLARGEMENT (3)2013  5th enlargement CroatiaCandidate countries: These countries are in the process of 'transposing' (or integrating) EU legislation into national lawAlbaniaMontenegroSerbiaThe Former Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaTurkeyPotential Candidate countries:Potential candidate countries do not yet fulfil the requirements for EU membershipBosnia-HerzegovinaKosovo