PPT-Unit II First law of thermodynamics, Internal energy, Heat capacity, Specific heat and

Clausius Clapeyron equation Temperature dependence of entropy Statistical interpretation of entropy Consequences of third law Nernst heat theorem Equilibrium constant VanHoff equation Concept of fugacity activity and mole fraction. [4]. Change of phase . . ice. .  . water.  . steam. The Laws of Thermodynamics. The 1. st. Law. The 2. nd. Law. Applications. Heat engines. Refrigerators. Order to disorder. 2. Change of Phase. Advanced Chemistry. Ms. . Grobsky. What is Energy?. Energy. . is the capacity to do work. Thermal energy. is the energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Kinetic energy . is the energy due to motion. 2.1. Temperature and the . Zeroth. Law of Thermodynamics. 2.2. Thermal Expansion. 2.3. Heat and the Absorption of Heat by Solids and Liquids. 2.4. Work and Heat in Thermodynamic Processes. 2.5. The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Special Cases. Change of phase . . ice. .  . water.  . steam. The Laws of Thermodynamics. The 1. st. Law. The 2. nd. Law. Applications. Heat engines. Refrigerators. Order to disorder. 2. Change of Phase. The Basics. The brief definition of Thermodynamics is . the science concerned with the relations between heat and mechanical energy or work, and the conversion of one into the other: modern thermodynamics deals with the properties of systems for the description of which temperature is a necessary coordinate. The ability to do work.. Conserved.. Made . of heat and work.. A . state . function. :. . values . that depend on the state of the substance, and not on how that state was reached. . Independent . of the path, or how you get from point A to B.. : The Experimental Measurement of Heat. Outline. Background. Exothermic . vs. Endothermic Reactions. Heat Capacity. Specific Heat. Specific Heat of Selected Substances and Mixtures. Relevance. Background. Calorimetry. 1. Temperature and Energy. 2. We relate energy and temperature by discussing a substance’s heat capacity.. Heat Capacity = heat required to raise temp. of an object by 1. o. C. more heat is required to raise the temp. of a large sample of a substance by 1. Heat. Heat. is energy that flows from a higher-temperature object to a lower-temperature object because of the difference in temperatures.. SI Unit of Heat:. joule (J).. SI unit for heat is the joule, J. Section 16.1 – Thermal Energy and Matter. In the 1700’s most . scientists. thought that . heat. was a . fluid. called . caloric. that flowed between objects.. Count Rumford. Rumford. studied the process of . Patreon.com/. scientistmel. Twitter.com/. scientistmel. 4-7-18 11 am CST. Thermodynamics. Studies the effects on a system. Work. Heat. Energy. System?. System – quantity of matter. Boundaries – fixed or moveable. Thermometry. Concept of temperature. Boyle’s Law. Charles’ Law. Thermometers. Thermocouple. Calorimetry. Platinum resistance scale. Absolute zero. Lower fixed point. Temperature gradient. Thermodynamic . Define the term ‘internal energy’.. Explain the differences in the forces of attraction found between particles of a gas compared to particles of a solid.. Explain what is meant by ‘latent heat’. Presented By:-. VIKRAMJEET. B.Sc. 2. nd. year (NM). Roll.No. . 1177/12. 6.1 Work. Internal Energy. . And Heat. . 1.Work. In thermodynamics work is defined as energy transfer across the boundary of a system .Work is assigned the symbol .