PPT-Chapter 2 Heat, Temperature and the First Law of Thermodynamics

21 Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 22 Thermal Expansion 23 Heat and the Absorption of Heat by Solids and Liquids 24 Work and Heat in Thermodynamic Processes 25 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Special Cases. 1. st. law of thermodynamics. Energy may be converted to different forms, but it is neither created nor destroyed during transformations. Energy from chemical bonds is converted to kinetic energy and heat (body and friction from tires). No engine, working in a continuous cycle, can take heat from a reservoir at a single temperature and convert that heat completely to work.. Therefore, no engine can have a greater efficiency than a Carnot engine operating between the same two temperatures.. Physics Lecture Notes. The Laws of Thermodynamics. FOUNDRY: It requires about 289 Joules of heat to melt one gram of steel. In this chapter, we will define the quantity of heat to raise the temperature and to change the phase of a substance. . The Basics. The brief definition of Thermodynamics is . the science concerned with the relations between heat and mechanical energy or work, and the conversion of one into the other: modern thermodynamics deals with the properties of systems for the description of which temperature is a necessary coordinate. ~Energy. Intro. Most natural events involve a decrease in total energy and an increase in disorder.. The energy that was “lost” was converted to heat. . An increase in energy/motion decreases the overall order (organization) of the system.. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.. Contents of Chapter 15. The First Law of Thermodynamics. Thermodynamic . Processes and the First Law. Human . Metabolism and the First Law. The . Second Law of . Thermodynamics—Introduction. Section 16.1 – Thermal Energy and Matter. In the 1700’s most . scientists. thought that . heat. was a . fluid. called . caloric. that flowed between objects.. Count Rumford. Rumford. studied the process of . Chapter. 18. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.. 18-. 1. . Temperature. 18.01 . Identify the lowest temperature as 0 on the Kelvin scale (absolute zero).. 18.02 . Explain the . HEAT? TEMPERATURE?. How to measure temperature?. How to quantify temperature and heat?. How do heat transfer?. HEAT & TEMPERATURE. Temperature. is a quantitative measurement of . hotness/coldness. Thermometry. Concept of temperature. Boyle’s Law. Charles’ Law. Thermometers. Thermocouple. Calorimetry. Platinum resistance scale. Absolute zero. Lower fixed point. Temperature gradient. Thermodynamic . Temperature is the measurement of the average kinetic energy of material. . Atoms move around and collide with the thermometer and exchange its energy causing the thermometer to go up.. Three units of measuring temperature. Daily Temperature Variations. Diurnal temperature range = the difference between the daily maximum and minimum temperature.. 2. Daily Temperature Variations. Factors that control how warm it can get during the day include:. Thermal engineering. No. of chapter : 06. Total marks :150. Theory paper: 100. External 0ral : 25. Internal marks (submission): 25. No. of practical's : 09. Thermal engineering. Reference books:. A text book of thermal engineering (R.S. Khurmi, J.K. Gupta). Study guide is posted in the homework of the webpage.. Exam 1 is on . Friday, February 3. th. .. We often speak of . heat . as though it were a . material . that flows from one object to another; it is not..