o f Christianity Part 4 Western Reformation The story so far Jewish gt Christian identity shift Formation through persecution Institutionalization First signs of official public role Crusades have mixed results ID: 775683
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document " An Absurdly Short History" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
AnAbsurdlyShortHistoryofChristianityPart 4Western Reformation
Slide2The story so far
Jewish -> Christian identity shiftFormation through persecutionInstitutionalizationFirst signs of official public role
Crusades have mixed resultsEast/West unity disruptedChurch practices draw criticismPoliticians resist Church influence
Church wrestles with ideas
Conciliar decision-making
First cracks in unity
Birth of Islam
Slide3When we left off last time…
Academics with
controversial ideas
Church disputes
t
hat cause
scandal and/orcynicism amongthe faithful
Political leaders
w
ith increasingambition
Strong
personal
piety
Slide4Also in play
Rising bourgeois affluence
Rising literacy
Rising sophistication of public sector funding &
increasing government need for money
Fast and cheap printing
Rising value of labor with disease-related
de-population
Growth of the power of cities
“Discoveries” in the Western Hemisphere
Slide5Indulgences
Slide6Indulgences
Slide7Martin Luther (1483-1546)
Augustinian monk
Professor of Theology
a
t Wittenberg
Complicated personality
Preoccupation with sin
a
nd justification
Slide895 ThesesStarted as a complaint letter to a bishopLater (may have been) nailed to a church doorin Wittenberg – academic traditionQuickly translated and printed
Slide9Ideas move wider
Justification by faith (Sola Fide)
Primacy of Scripture (Sola Scriptura)
Salvation by grace alone (Sola Gratia)
No salvation without Christ (Sola
Christus
)
All actions for God’s glory alone (Soli
Deo
Gloria)
Slide10Why Do We Care?
How do we know God?
Directly
Through mediation
How can we know if we are saved?
Why should we do good/charitable things?
How do we (or how can we) stay in community
with those who see things differently?
Slide11Slide12Magisterial Reformers
?
Slide13Radical ReformersBelievers’ BaptismChurch visible=church invisibleNo intelligentsiaBelief that church and stateshould be at odds (as in theearly church)
Non-Anabaptist
Anabaptist
Slide14Anything
w
orth
d
oing…
Slide15The
Münster Rebellion (1534-35)
Elimination of private property
Polygamy
Religious intolerance
Slide16Back to Luther…Diet of Worms
Slide17Slide18TULIP – “Systematic Calvinism”Total DepravityUnconditional ElectionLimited AtonementIrresistible GracePerseverance of the Saints
Slide19Neo-Iconoclasm
Slide20Council of Trent (1545-1563)
Condemned Protestantism
Reformed some things criticized by Protestants
Reaffirmed other things
c
ondemned by
Protestants
Reaffirmed faith
and
w
orks in salvation
Slide21The Holy Office (The Inquisition)
Began to counter the
Cathars
in the 12
th
Century
Expanded greatly to respond to the Reformation
Expressed in Spain and Portugal more as
persecution of Jewish and Muslim converts
Also hit Catholic scholars with unpopular ideas
(
ie
Galileo, Giordano Bruno)
Slide22Other Catholic Worries
Erastianism
More or less complete state primacy over
the Church
Gallicanism
The power of monarchs is separate from
that of the Pope, and each national church
should be under their joint control
Ultramontanism
Total power held by the Pope
Slide23Slide24The German Peasants' War (1524–1525)The Second War of Kappel (1531)The Schmalkaldic War (1546–1547) The Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) The French Wars of Religion (1562–1598)The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648)The Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1651)Scottish Reformation and Civil WarsEnglish Reformation and Civil WarIrish Confederate Wars and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
European Wars of Religion
Slide25What Did They Think They Were Doing?Reform the existing ChurchFind a temporary place of “safe” worshipExpress national identity through religionForm new community-wide churchesForm denominational “franchises” in an environment of (Christian) pluralism
Slide26Slide27Society of Jesus (1540)
Special vow of Papal obedience
Quickly became missionaries
Inroads in Asia and the Americas
Early signs of social justice ministry
Success leads to jealousy
Slide28Protestant Emigration
Slide29Literary Flowering
Catholic
St Theresa of Avila
St John of the Cross
Brother Lawrence
Anglican
Lancelot Andrewes
Jeremy Taylor
John Milton
John Bunyan
Slide30Meanwhile, back in Orthodoxy…Fall of Constantinople (1453) shifts influence to RussiaWorry about continuitywith Greek forms Reforms in liturgical practices lead to splitsOld Believers (1666)
Slide31By the end of the 17
th
Century…
Some sectarian fights burnt out
Beginnings of pluralism
Enlightenment begins to chip away at
religious social consensus
Colonialism provides a safety valve
Slide32As the scene fades for this week
“Religion fatigue”
Massive transfer of wealth from the Church to
the state
Availability of information affects everything
Protestant propensity to split/schism