American History Goals Students will be able to Analyze economic challenges American farmers faced in the 1800s Examine causes and consequences of the second Industrial Revolution Analyze changes as the US became an industrial society ID: 477057
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Slide1
Cities Expand and Change
American HistorySlide2
Goals
Students will be able to:
Analyze economic challenges American farmers faced in the 1800s
Examine causes and consequences of the second Industrial Revolution
Analyze changes as the U.S. became an industrial society
Identify the characteristics that define and differentiate regions
Terms to know:
Urbanization, rural-to-urban migrant, skyscraper, Elisha Otis, mass transit, suburb, Frederick Law Olmsted, tenementSlide3
Cities Take Hold
In the late 1800’s, the U.S. began to rapidly urbanize
Urbanization is the process of citizens moving from rural areas, into the city
American citizens began to live lifestyles dominated by schedules, public transportation, living in apartment buildings, and interacting with strangers
Cities became a destination for migrants as they provided major transportation, jobs in factories and in the service industry, and a variety of shops
Educated workers were drawn to the cities for office jobs and immigrants largely took factory work
Women were able to find work as teachers, secretaries and typists
While life in these cities was not all great, it did provide most Americans a greater quality of life
People largely felt city life was an improvement over rural life, even with the struggles that existedSlide4
Immigrant Opportunities and Urban Migration
By 1900 urban populations, especially those on the east coast, had huge immigrant populations
As immigrants moved into the U.S., they largely settled around others who had come from the same country
This pushed certain industries and factories to largely employ individuals from only that country
There was a large movement of U.S. citizens from rural areas to urban areas in the 1890s
These individuals were referred to as rural-to-urban migrants
These migrants largely came to work in factories which required hard work on a rigid schedule. But the jobs paid cash, something that was rare on the farm.
Despite the hard work, the draw of the city and the opportunities it provided were irresistibleSlide5
Technological Improvements
The technological improvements of the late 1800s and early 1900s brought about great change in urban America
Cities began to build skyscrapers, buildings that were ten-stories or taller that were constructed with steel framers
These buildings were made safe and usable when Elisha Otis developed a safety elevator that would not fall if the lifting cable broke
Heating systems for these buildings were also improved upon in the 1870s
Citizens also developed mass transit to aid citizens in their commute
Commuter rail lines were the traditional mode of transit, but cities began to use trolleys and electric cars to move people around the city.
Cities like Boston and New York developed subway systems that would allow for the use of electric cars to move of people all around the city, without disrupting ground traffic.Slide6
City Planning
As cities became more complex, people were hired to plan how the cities would be laid out.
City planners chose were buildings would go, where mass transit would be situated, and determined how to segregate populations
Individuals like Frederick Law Olmsted, who designed Fairmount Park in Philadelphia and Central Park in NYC, were brought in to develop parks that would beautify the city.Slide7
Urban Living
Many poor urban workers lived in tenements
Tenements were low-cost, multifamily housing, designed to put as many people into the apartment at once
The living accommodations were extremely poor and crowded, causing an uncomfortable lifestyle for those who resided there
Not only were tenements uncomfortable, they lacked sanitation which helped to rapidly spread disease through the populationSlide8
The Danger of Cities
Because sanitation was poor throughout these cities, disease epidemics happened often
Streets were often filled with trash, dead horses, human and animal waste, and other hazardous materials
These pushed cities to develop sanitation departments that sought out clean water and pushed to clean up city streets
Filtration systems were developed and urban life slowly improved
Fire, crime, and violence were common in the cities
Most cities did not have professional firefighters, nor the required tools to fight fire
Police officers were also few and far between, making the journey to and from work dangerous
Gangs also became increasingly common as citizens fought due to ethnic and
racial differences