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Cities Expand and Change Cities Expand and Change

Cities Expand and Change - PowerPoint Presentation

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Cities Expand and Change - PPT Presentation

American History Goals Students will be able to Analyze economic challenges American farmers faced in the 1800s Examine causes and consequences of the second Industrial Revolution Analyze changes as the US became an industrial society ID: 477057

city cities citizens urban cities city urban citizens work largely people buildings rural life developed transit began systems sanitation

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Slide1

Cities Expand and Change

American HistorySlide2

Goals

Students will be able to:

Analyze economic challenges American farmers faced in the 1800s

Examine causes and consequences of the second Industrial Revolution

Analyze changes as the U.S. became an industrial society

Identify the characteristics that define and differentiate regions

Terms to know:

Urbanization, rural-to-urban migrant, skyscraper, Elisha Otis, mass transit, suburb, Frederick Law Olmsted, tenementSlide3

Cities Take Hold

In the late 1800’s, the U.S. began to rapidly urbanize

Urbanization is the process of citizens moving from rural areas, into the city

American citizens began to live lifestyles dominated by schedules, public transportation, living in apartment buildings, and interacting with strangers

Cities became a destination for migrants as they provided major transportation, jobs in factories and in the service industry, and a variety of shops

Educated workers were drawn to the cities for office jobs and immigrants largely took factory work

Women were able to find work as teachers, secretaries and typists

While life in these cities was not all great, it did provide most Americans a greater quality of life

People largely felt city life was an improvement over rural life, even with the struggles that existedSlide4

Immigrant Opportunities and Urban Migration

By 1900 urban populations, especially those on the east coast, had huge immigrant populations

As immigrants moved into the U.S., they largely settled around others who had come from the same country

This pushed certain industries and factories to largely employ individuals from only that country

There was a large movement of U.S. citizens from rural areas to urban areas in the 1890s

These individuals were referred to as rural-to-urban migrants

These migrants largely came to work in factories which required hard work on a rigid schedule. But the jobs paid cash, something that was rare on the farm.

Despite the hard work, the draw of the city and the opportunities it provided were irresistibleSlide5

Technological Improvements

The technological improvements of the late 1800s and early 1900s brought about great change in urban America

Cities began to build skyscrapers, buildings that were ten-stories or taller that were constructed with steel framers

These buildings were made safe and usable when Elisha Otis developed a safety elevator that would not fall if the lifting cable broke

Heating systems for these buildings were also improved upon in the 1870s

Citizens also developed mass transit to aid citizens in their commute

Commuter rail lines were the traditional mode of transit, but cities began to use trolleys and electric cars to move people around the city.

Cities like Boston and New York developed subway systems that would allow for the use of electric cars to move of people all around the city, without disrupting ground traffic.Slide6

City Planning

As cities became more complex, people were hired to plan how the cities would be laid out.

City planners chose were buildings would go, where mass transit would be situated, and determined how to segregate populations

Individuals like Frederick Law Olmsted, who designed Fairmount Park in Philadelphia and Central Park in NYC, were brought in to develop parks that would beautify the city.Slide7

Urban Living

Many poor urban workers lived in tenements

Tenements were low-cost, multifamily housing, designed to put as many people into the apartment at once

The living accommodations were extremely poor and crowded, causing an uncomfortable lifestyle for those who resided there

Not only were tenements uncomfortable, they lacked sanitation which helped to rapidly spread disease through the populationSlide8

The Danger of Cities

Because sanitation was poor throughout these cities, disease epidemics happened often

Streets were often filled with trash, dead horses, human and animal waste, and other hazardous materials

These pushed cities to develop sanitation departments that sought out clean water and pushed to clean up city streets

Filtration systems were developed and urban life slowly improved

Fire, crime, and violence were common in the cities

Most cities did not have professional firefighters, nor the required tools to fight fire

Police officers were also few and far between, making the journey to and from work dangerous

Gangs also became increasingly common as citizens fought due to ethnic and

racial differences