PPT-Deductive Reasoning: Why People Are Not Always Logical

Pavle Valerjev Department of psychology University of Zadar Thinking Psychology of thinking Reasoning Problem solving Judgment and decision making Undirected thinking Gilhooly 1996 Cognitive approach Thinking as . Deductive reasoning. , also . deductive logic. or . logical deduction. or, informally, . ". top-down. " logic. , is the process of . reasoning. from one or more . statements. (premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion. It differs from . Arguments. Premise: . statement upon which an argument is based or from which a conclusion is drawn. Premise is either true or false. Arguments: . Consist of one or more premises and one conclusion or claim, which is drawn from those premises. It’s Logical. What is Logic?. Logic. – The science of correct reasoning.. Reasoning. . – The drawing of inferences or conclusions from known or assumed facts. .. There are two main types of reasoning:. Section 2.3. : . Using . deductive reasoning to verify conjectures. Chapter 2: Geometric Reasoning. I Can. Determine whether inductive of deductive reasoning is being used for a given scenario.. Apply the Law of Detachment in logical reasoning and determine if it is being used validly.. VS. . Inductive . Reasoning. Aristotle. . (Ancient Greek Philosopher). Start with a . premise. Premises lead to a . certain. conclusion. DEDUCTIVE REASONING. Sir Francis Bacon. (17. th. Century English Philosopher). Sub; legal method and legal reasoning. NITIN RANA. PARIKSHIT GAUR. PURNENDU . PuLKITPAL. . SINGH. RISHAB RAJ. RITIKA GAUTAM. Group MEMBERS ARE -. Deductive reasoning is sometimes referred to as top-down logic. Its counterpart, inductive reasoning, is sometimes referred to as bottom-up logic. Where deductive reasoning proceeds from general premises to a specific conclusion, inductive reasoning proceeds from specific premises to a general conclusion. . VS. . Inductive . Reasoning. Aristotle. . (Ancient Greek Philosopher). Start with a . premise. Premises lead to a . certain. conclusion. DEDUCTIVE REASONING. Sir Francis Bacon. (17. th. Century English Philosopher). Lecture Outline. Inductive Reasoning. Generalizations. Cause and Effect. Analogy. Deductive Reasoning. Syllogism. Enthymeme. Inductive Reasoning. Inductive Reasoning: Review. The process of citing a number of specific examples or . Culminating Activity . The Social Science Research Project. The Age of Enlightenment (16th to . 18th Centuries) saw the emergence . of a new way or thinking and . approaching the world and its . workings. The Scientific Revolution, . reasoning from inarguable premises; the conclusion is unarguable if the syllogism is structured correctly. .. Example: . Because . Socrates is human, . he . is . mortal. .. Major . Premise: All . Mimi . Opkins. CECS 100. Fall 2011. Problem Solving. Logic. – The science of correct reasoning.. Reasoning. – The drawing of inferences or conclusions from known or assumed facts.. When solving a problem, one must understand the question, gather all pertinent facts, analyze the problem i.e. compare with previous problems (note similarities and differences), perhaps use pictures or formulas to solve the problem.. To form conjectures through inductive reasoning. To disprove a conjecture with a counterexample. To avoid fallacies of inductive reasoning. Example 1. You’re at school eating lunch. You ingest some air while eating, which causes you to belch. Afterward, you notice a number of students staring at you with disgust. You burp again, and looks of distaste greet your natural bodily function. You have similar experiences over the course of the next couple of days. Finally, you conclude that belching in public is socially unacceptable. The process that lead you to this conclusion is called. To form conjectures through inductive reasoning. To disprove a conjecture with a counterexample. To avoid fallacies of inductive reasoning. Example 1. You’re at school eating lunch. You ingest some air while eating, which causes you to belch. Afterward, you notice a number of students staring at you with disgust. You burp again, and looks of distaste greet your natural bodily function. You have similar experiences over the course of the next couple of days. Finally, you conclude that belching in public is socially unacceptable. The process that lead you to this conclusion is called. Note-Taking Guide. I suggest only writing down things written in . red. Inductive vs. Deductive Reasoning. What was our definition of inductive reasoning (section 2.1)?. Process of looking for patterns, making a conjecture, and then attempting to prove the conjecture true or false.