PPT-Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Mimi Opkins CECS 100 Fall 2011 Problem Solving Logic The science of correct reasoning Reasoning The drawing of inferences or conclusions from known or assumed facts When solving a problem one must understand the question gather all pertinent facts analyze the problem ie compare with previous problems note similarities and differences perhaps use pictures or formulas to solve the problem. Deductive reasoning. , also . deductive logic. or . logical deduction. or, informally, . ". top-down. " logic. , is the process of . reasoning. from one or more . statements. (premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion. It differs from . Arguments. Premise: . statement upon which an argument is based or from which a conclusion is drawn. Premise is either true or false. Arguments: . Consist of one or more premises and one conclusion or claim, which is drawn from those premises. It’s Logical. What is Logic?. Logic. – The science of correct reasoning.. Reasoning. . – The drawing of inferences or conclusions from known or assumed facts. .. There are two main types of reasoning:. Section 2.3. : . Using . deductive reasoning to verify conjectures. Chapter 2: Geometric Reasoning. I Can. Determine whether inductive of deductive reasoning is being used for a given scenario.. Apply the Law of Detachment in logical reasoning and determine if it is being used validly.. FOCUS UP!!. BUCKLE DOWN!!. TRY NOT TO BE ABSENT!!. WORK HARD!. GET REST!. This is a marathon…. not a sprint…. You after EOC. Our Plan of Attack. Mini lessons. Item sampler practice test and review. VS. . Inductive . Reasoning. Aristotle. . (Ancient Greek Philosopher). Start with a . premise. Premises lead to a . certain. conclusion. DEDUCTIVE REASONING. Sir Francis Bacon. (17. th. Century English Philosopher). VS. . Inductive . Reasoning. Aristotle. . (Ancient Greek Philosopher). Start with a . premise. Premises lead to a . certain. conclusion. DEDUCTIVE REASONING. Sir Francis Bacon. (17. th. Century English Philosopher). Lecture Outline. Inductive Reasoning. Generalizations. Cause and Effect. Analogy. Deductive Reasoning. Syllogism. Enthymeme. Inductive Reasoning. Inductive Reasoning: Review. The process of citing a number of specific examples or . Thinking Mathematically. Objectives. Understand mathematical reasoning . Distinguish between inductive and deductive reasoning . Identify . arithmetic and geometric sequences . Thinking Mathematically. Induction vs Deduction. Fogelin. and . Sinnott. -Armstrong describe the difference between induction and deduction as follows:. Deductive arguments are intended to be valid. Inductive arguments are not intended to be valid but still to provide a reason for the conclusion. To form conjectures through inductive reasoning. To disprove a conjecture with a counterexample. To avoid fallacies of inductive reasoning. Example 1. You’re at school eating lunch. You ingest some air while eating, which causes you to belch. Afterward, you notice a number of students staring at you with disgust. You burp again, and looks of distaste greet your natural bodily function. You have similar experiences over the course of the next couple of days. Finally, you conclude that belching in public is socially unacceptable. The process that lead you to this conclusion is called. CT 101. Dr. Bowman. Deductive argument. A . deductive argument.  is an argument that is intended by the arguer to be deductively valid, that is, to provide a guarantee of the truth of the conclusion provided that the argument's premises are true. . To form conjectures through inductive reasoning. To disprove a conjecture with a counterexample. To avoid fallacies of inductive reasoning. Example 1. You’re at school eating lunch. You ingest some air while eating, which causes you to belch. Afterward, you notice a number of students staring at you with disgust. You burp again, and looks of distaste greet your natural bodily function. You have similar experiences over the course of the next couple of days. Finally, you conclude that belching in public is socially unacceptable. The process that lead you to this conclusion is called. Note-Taking Guide. I suggest only writing down things written in . red. Inductive vs. Deductive Reasoning. What was our definition of inductive reasoning (section 2.1)?. Process of looking for patterns, making a conjecture, and then attempting to prove the conjecture true or false.