Benito Mussolini Italy Francisco Franco Spain World History Unit 6 Essential Questions How did the Treaty of Versailles and the after effect of WWI lay the ground work for the totalitarian fascist governments to come to power ID: 528458
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Historic People #2Benito Mussolini – ItalyFrancisco Franco - Spain
World History Unit 6Slide2
Essential QuestionsHow did the Treaty of Versailles, and the after effect of WWI lay the ground work for the totalitarian /fascist governments to come to power?How does totalitarian governments view the worth of individual liberties?Slide3
The Treaty of Versailles
Italians believed the treaty (after WWI) was unfair to Italy.Italy had not been given the land that Britain
and France had promisedItaly’s foreign Minister Orlando left before the conference ended, feeling humiliated.Slide4
Problems in Italy After
WWI460,000 soldiers killed in WWI
They were left with heavy debtThe governments couldn’t make decisions Rising unemployment led to unrest in citiesSlide5
Italy’s Economic Problems
Inflation grew, and both industrial and agricultural workers staged strikes.Socialist elements inside the country spoke of revolution.
The middle class feared a revolution like the one that gripped Russia.Labor strikes created more division and unrest in society. Slide6
Mussolini Gains Power
Mussolini created the first European Fascist Party
He promised to solve Italy’s problemsHe promised to rebuild Italy and recreate the Roman EmpireOrganized armed gangs called the “
Blackshirts
”Slide7
Blackshirts
Mussolini formed bands of black-shirted, armed Fascists called Blackshirts. Blackshirts
attacked socialist offices and newspapers.They used violence to break up strikes. Middle-class industrialists who feared working-class strikes embraced Mussolini’s Fascist movement.
Large
land owners who objected to agricultural strikes also began to support Mussolini. Slide8
1922 March on Rome
The March on Rome was used to establish Mussolini and the Fascist Party as the most important party in Italy
In 1921 the political parties joined together to form the Fascist PartyMussolini said this at a party conference
:
"Either the government will be given to us or
will
shall seize it by marching on Rome." Slide9
March on Rome, 1922Slide10
Mussolini Appointed Prime Minister
Fascists were anti-communismItalians’ fear of communism helped Mussolini to gain power
Came to power in 1922 and was appointed Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel to prevent a Communist Revolution in ItalySlide11
Fascism under MussoliniSlide12
Analyze this quote by Mussolini:
What value does he give individuals?
“Fascism conceives of the State as an absolute, in comparison with which all individuals or groups are relative, only to be conceived in their relation to the State.” ~Benito Mussolini Slide13
Quotes by MussoliniSlide14
Mussolini and Hitler
Hitler and Mussolini had a close relationship.
In
October 1936 they signed a non-military alliance.
Mussolini
signed a full defensive alliance with Nazi Germany in the Pact of Steel.Slide15
Mussolini
His control over all aspects of life was not as great as Hitler in Germany, or as Stalin in U.S.S.R. He left traditional values alone, like the Catholic church and the family
He sided with Hitler during WW II and they died a few days apart just before end of the war (Hitler by suicide and Mussolini killed by Italian resistance fighters)Slide16
Francisco Franco - SpainLed military forces against Spain’s democratic government in 1936
Aided by Hitler and MussoliniSlide17
Spain’s Civil WarThe Spanish Civil War was the great international cause of the 1930s
Approx. 3,000 Americans volunteered to fight on behalf of the Spanish Republic.
Group of American VolunteersSlide18
Francisco FrancoBecame authoritarian leader of Spain in 1939
During World War II, Franco officially maintained a policy of neutrality partly because of the extreme damage to his country in the Civil War.His regime that lasted until 1978Slide19
Essential QuestionsHow did the Treaty of Versailles, and the after effect of WWI lay the ground work for the totalitarian /fascist governments to come to power?How does totalitarian governments view the worth of individual liberties?