Social Studies 11 Unit - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Social Studies 11 Unit 2Canada Emerges in the 20th CenturyThe War at HomeSlide2

A Brief ReviewSam HughesPoor administratorAwarded expensive military contracts to friends.Responsible for Ross Rifle fiasco, poor quality shells that exploded in artilleryBoots made out of pressed cardboard that disintegrated in the rainSlide3

A Brief Review continuedFinancing the WarCost: $1.3 billion by March 1919 >$1 million/day in 1918 Public Debt: 1911: $350 million 1918: $1,175 million Financing:

Victory Bonds: > $1.0 billion

>

1 million citizens

Income Tax: ~ $8 million/yr Slide4

A Brief Review continuedUse of Propagandapropaganda must meet four conditions to be effective: - it must be simple - it must appeal to emotions, not intellect - it must have an element of truth

- it must be repetitive Slide5

- propaganda appeared in films, radio, speeches, and posters- propaganda urged the purchase of war bonds, use less fuel, eat less meat, save fats, enlist in the army- propaganda is selective and it distorts the truth- it is used to raise morale, exaggerating victories, down-playing defeats and characterizing the enemy as inhumanSlide6
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The Role of Womenlabour shortage lead to increased opportunities for womensome organized committees to raise money and joined the Red Crossmost significantly, women joined the labour force in greater numbers in all industries from fishing to running farms, the civil service and working in factories

women

were expected to give up their jobs for returning veterans after the war however

this

involvement strengthened the demand for

universal suffrage (the vote) and all Canadian women had the right to vote in federal elections by 1918Slide8
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Halifax ExplosionHalifax is a major ice-free portthe harbour was often very crowded with shipping most military convoys left from this harbour

on

December 6, 1917, the

Mont Blanc

, a French vessel loaded to capacity with 6400t of dynamite and ammunition, was hit by another vessel

the collision left the boat listless and it drifted, burning, closer to shoreSlide10

the explosion devastated Halifax Harbour and much of the cityit could be heard 350km awaybetween 2000-3000 people were killedit was the largest artificial explosion in the world at that timeSlide11

Volunteer Shortagewar volunteers could not keep up with the demand for soldiers in Europebut, Prime Minister Borden had promised that there would be no conscription British PM David Lloyd George argued that many more men would be needed to win the war at all costsSlide12

on return to Canada, PM Borden introduced the Military Service Act to: - make enlistment compulsory - allowed exemptions at first for the disabled, clergy, those with essential skills and conscientious objectors

(

those who refused to fight on

religious

grounds)

this law resulted in a controversy that divided CanadaSlide13

The Conscription Crisisthe lowest volunteer levels were in Quebec and few officers were French-speakingthe majority of French Canadians did not feel a patriotic to either France or Britain as they have lived in Canada for generationsprairie farmers also opposed conscription as sons were needed to do the heavy farm workresistance to conscription in British Columbia turned violentSlide14

The Khaki Electionfacing such opposition, Borden called an election to decide the issuefirst, he passed the Military Voters Act, allowing overseas men and women to vote (to get their support)second, the Wartime Elections Act gave the vote to all Canadian women the vote if they were directly related to servicemen (again hoping for support for him and conscription)Slide15

the vote was cancelled for conscientious objectors and any immigrant from the enemy countries in the last 15 yearsBorden went further and invited Liberals who favoured conscription to join him in a wartime Union Government coalition (offering them cabinet positions)Laurier, opposing conscription, lost support outside of Quebec and the Union Government wonthose who opposed Union candidates were accused of being traitors

anger

and demonstrations continued in Quebec

in

the end only 25 000 conscripts made it to France before the end of the war