UNIT 9 CHAPTER 29: A TIME OF UPHEAVAL 1968-1974

Presentation on theme: "UNIT 9 CHAPTER 29: A TIME OF UPHEAVAL 1968-1974"— Presentation transcript:

Slide1
UNIT 9
CHAPTER 29: A TIME OF UPHEAVAL 1968-1974Slide2
LABEL YOUR C
HAPTER 29 TERMS & PLACE THEM IN A STACK PLEASE.
LET’S CONTINUE CH. 29 NOTES
AGENDA THURSDAY APRIL 19
TH
Slide3
YOUTH MOVEMENT
8 M AM IN COLLEGE ½ OF POP UNDER 30
SOME NEW RIGHT: PRO-NAM; NO QUARREL WITH SYSTEM
SOME NEW LEFT: STUDENTS FOR A DEM. SOCIETY
MOVEMENT FROM PROTESTS TO RESISTANCE
PROTESTS AT BERKELEY IN CA 1964; ANTI-NAM; KENT STATE 1970Slide4
Anti-War
Demonstrations
Columbia University, 1967Slide5
Anti-War Demonstrations
May 4, 1970
4 students
shot dead.
11 students
wounded
Kent State
University--clip
Jackson
State University
May 10, 1970
2 dead; 12
woundedSlide6
divided US
Called Middle America, the Silent Majority
Supported Vietnam War
Traditional American values: hard work, family and patriotism
Feared and disliked new styles of music and dress of youth
Against use of illegal drugs
Called counterculture Hippies, Flower Children
Opposed Vietnam War
Disillusioned with values of money, status, power; emphasized love, individual freedom, cooperation
Music and fashion emphasized movement toward new society, greater freedom
Used “mind-expanding” drugs,
LSD
DIVIDED AMERICA

ESTABLISHMENT

ANTI-ESTABLISHMENTSlide7
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© Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.Slide8
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© Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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WOODSTOCK CLIPSlide10
HIPPIES
SAN FRANCISCO’S HAIGHT-ASHBURY & ATLANTA’S 14
TH STREET---”PLACES WHERE YOU COULD TAKE A TRIP WITHOUT A TICKET”
DRUGS, MYSTICISM, & UNINHIBITED SEXUALITY
TIMOTHY LEARY---HARVARD PSYCH. FIRED IN ’63—ENCOURAGED STUDENTS TO EXPERIEMENT LSD
“PSYCHEDELIC” “ACID TESTS”
THE COUNTERCULTURESlide11
BOB DYLAN
BEATLEMANIA
AUG. ‘69 WOODSTOCK NY CATSKILL MTS 400,000
MUSICAL REVOLUTION
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STAPLE DBQ RUBRIC TO YOUR ESSAY PLEASE.
USING TODAY AS A REVIEW DAY
AGENDA FRIDAY APRIL 20
TH

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SHOWCASE COURT CASE “ROE V WADE” 1973
SEXUAL REVOLUTION
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TURN IN NTI 10 IF IT IS COMPLETED. DUE DATE THURDAY
REMINDER YOU ALSO HAVE CH. 30 TERMS DUE ON THAT DAY
LET’S RESUME CH. 29
AGENDA TUESDAY APRIL 24
TH

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1. PBS DOCUMENTARY
2. PROLIFE CLIP
ROE V WADE CLIPS
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1968 THE POLITICS OF UPHEAVAL
YEAR OF MAJOR EVENTS:
1. EUGENE MCCARTHY ANNOUNCES HE WILL RUN VS LBJ FOR DEM. NOM
2. JAN. 31 FIRST DAY OF TET—VIETNAMESE NEW YEAR; TET OFFENSIVE
3. APRIL 1968 MLK ASSASSINATED MEMPHIS, TN CLIP
4. JUNE 1968 RFK ASSASSINATED --CLIP
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TET OFFENSIVE: TURNING POINT
On January 30, 1968, the Viet Cong and North Vietnam launched a major offensive. This series of attacks was called the
Tet Offensive
since it occurred during Tet, the Vietnamese New Year.
During and after the Tet Offensive, both sides were guilty of brutal atrocities. Communists slaughtered anyone they labeled an enemy; Americans massacred hundreds of civilians at My Lai, a small village in South Vietnam. A helicopter crew that stopped the massacre was later rewarded, and the officer who had ordered it was imprisoned.
Because Americans now knew that the Viet Cong could launch massive attacks, and because no end to the war was in sight, the Tet Offensive proved to be a major psychological victory for the Viet Cong and a turning point in the war.Slide18
The Tet Offensive, January 1968
Because of the
Tet
Offensive, the US media announced the US was losing the war.
Walter Cronkite
, part of CBS news who opposed the war after
Tet
.
CRONKITE’S COMMENTSSlide19
Impact of the Tet Offensive
Domestic U.S. Reaction: Disbelief, Anger, Distrust of Johnson Administration
Hey, Hey LBJ! How
many kids did you
kill today?Slide20
“Hanoi Jane”
Jane Fonda
CLIPS
Hollywood opposed the war.
Jane Fonda went to Hanoi to visit with U.S. POW.
She was used as propaganda by North Vietnam.
Recently, a Vietnam vet “spit” on her and called her a traitor.Slide21
Who Is the
Enemy?Slide22
VIETNAMESE EXECUTION CLIPSlide23
Johnson Decides Not to Run
Continuing protests and an increasing number of casualties steadily decreased popular support for Johnson’s handling of the war.
After the Tet Offensive, Johnson rarely left the White House for fear of angry protesters.
Two other Democratic contenders, antiwar candidate Eugene McCarthy and Robert Kennedy, brother of John Kennedy and a senator from New York, campaigned against Johnson for the party’s nomination.
On March 31, 1968, Johnson announced in a nationally televised speech that he would not seek another term as President.Slide24
Impact of the Vietnam War
I do not believe that I should devote an hour or a day of my time to any personal partisan causes, or to any duties other than the awesome duties of this office, the Presidency of your country.
Johnson announces (March, 1968):
Accordingly, I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your President. CLIPSlide25
The Election of 1968
The Democratic Convention
At the time of the Democratic Convention in Chicago, Eugene McCarthy was thought too far out of the mainstream, and Robert Kennedy had been assassinated.
During the convention, police attacked protesters, with much of the violence taking place in front of television cameras.
Vice President Hubert Humphrey won the Democratic nomination, but the party had been further torn apart by the convention’s events.
The Nation Chooses Nixon
Richard M. Nixon received the Republican Party’s nomination for President.
Nixon soon took the lead in national polls, allowing his running mate Spiro Agnew to make harsh accusations, while Nixon stayed “above the fray.”
Independent candidate George C. Wallace drew many votes. Additionally, many disillusioned Democrats did not vote.
In a close race, Nixon won the presidency in the 1968 election.Slide26
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RFK ASSASSINATION
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RFK GRAVESITE ARLINGTON CEMETARY
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SIRHAN
SIRHAN
ASSASSIN
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RFK ASSASSINATION CLIP
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1968, The Turning PointSlide33
MARCH ‘68 LT. WILLIAM CALLEY’S UNIT LED A MASSACRE AGAINST SEVERAL HUNDRED SV
GANG-RAPED GIRLS, SHOT WOMEN/CHILDREN, BURNED THE VILLAGE
MY LAI MASSACRE
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MY LAI MASSACRE
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MY LAI MASSACRE CLIP
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Nixon in Vietnam
Nixon’s 1968 Campaign promised an end to the war:
Peace with Honor
Appealed to the great
“Silent Majority”
Vietnamization
Expansion of the
conflict – The “Secret War”
Cambodia
Laos
Agent Orange
– chemical
defoliantSlide38
Nixon Policy
Peace with honor in Vietnam
All POWs must return
NOT turn over SVN to Reds
South Vietnam must fight its war with US $$$
Secret bombing in Cambodia (invaded 1970)
All US ground combat ends 1970; air war?
End of containment policy
Détente with USSR ... friendship?
Détente with China ... friendship?
play off China Vs. USSR
fear each other
both stop helping Hanoi; US can now bombSlide39
Vietnamization, 1969-72
SVN government & army built up
pacification 1969-71; 90% of population safe (many moved to cities)
Viet Cong lose base; US victory!
now a conventional war of NV vs SV
Secret bombings of Cambodia ineffective; US invasion 1970 [more protests]
US ground troops exit 1971Slide40
The Ceasefire,
1973
Conditions:
U.S. to remove all troops
North Vietnam could leave troops already
in S.V.
North Vietnam would resume war
No provision for POWs or MIAs
Last American troops left South Vietnam on March 29, 1973
1975: North Vietnam defeats South Vietnam
Saigon renamed
Ho Chi Minh CitySlide41

If we have to fight, we
will fight. You will kill
ten of our men and we will kill one of yours, and in the end it will be
you
who tires of it.
And in the End….
Ho Chi Minh:Slide42
Formerly Saigon
The New VietnamSlide43
The Impact
26
th
Amendment
: 18-year-olds vote
Nixon abolished the draft--> all-volunteer army
War Powers Act,
1973

٭
President must notify Congress within 48 hours of deploying military force
President must withdraw forces unless he gains Congressional approval within 90 days
Disregard for Veterans --> seen as “baby killers”
POW/MIA issue lingeredSlide44
The Legacy of the War
With a cost of at least $150 billion, and hundreds of thousands of American soldiers killed or wounded, the Vietnam War was the longest and least successful war in American history.
Thousands of American soldiers who did not return home after the war were listed as
POWs
(prisoners of war) or
MIAs
(missing in action). Many remain unaccounted for today.
In Vietnam, millions were dead or wounded, many of them civilians. The war also heavily damaged the landscape of Vietnam.
In 1994, the United States lifted its trade embargo against Vietnam; in 1995, full diplomatic relations were restored. Slide45
Some American POWs Returned from the “Hanoi Hilton”
Senator John McCain
(R-AZ)Slide46

1,200 airplanes crash
6,727,084 tons of bombs were dropped.
3,750 fixed wing aircraft
4,865 helicopters were lost.
500,000 acres of Vietnam were sprayed with defoliants,
Agent Orange
The effects of Agent Orange may last up to 100 years.
The CostsSlide47
VIETNAM WALLSlide48
President Clinton formally recognized Vietnam on
July 11, 1995Slide49
START OF NIXON’S PRESIDENCY
JULY 21, 1969 APOLLO 11 LUNAR MODULE NAMED
EAGLE
LANDED ON MOON
NEIL ARMSTRONG “THAT’S ONE SMALL STEP FOR MAN, ONE GIAN LEAP FOR MANKIND.”
CLIP
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APOLLO 11 CREW
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NEWPAPER HEADLINES
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ARMSTRONG’S FIRST STEP
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BGROUND ON NIXON
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Nixon’s Foreign Policy
Détente = easing of tensions between US, Soviet Union and China. Nixon visits
China
Soviet Union
SALT I
Vietnam War
Vietnamization
Peace With Honor
Cambodian bombing raids
Paris Peace Accords of 1973Slide63
Henry Kissinger
Practical Politics
Kissinger admired the European political philosophy of
realpolitik
, or practical politics.
Under this policy, nations make decisions based on maintaining their strength rather than on moral principles.
Kissinger applied a
realpolitik
approach to his dealings with China and the Soviet Union, which led to better diplomatic relations with both nations.
Public Opinion
Kissinger understood the power of the media and was able to use it to shape public opinion.
Kissinger’s efforts in ending the Vietnam War and easing Cold War tensions made him a celebrity.
He topped a list of most-admired Americans, was often featured on the cover of
Time magazine, and in 1973 shared the Nobel peace prize.Slide64
Nixon’s Foreign Policy
Advisor Henry Kissinger creates détente, warming Cold War relationships
Goes to both the USSR and China in 1972 becoming first President to visit those nations
SALT agreement with the SovietsSlide65
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NIXON AND HIS “PLUMBERS”
G.GORDON LIDDY & E. HOWARD HUNT
TARGETED DAN ELLSBERG FORMER DEFENSE DEPT GIVEN PRESS THE PENTAGON PAPERS—SEC. DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF US INVOLVEMENT IN VIETNAM
S.C. RULES IN FAVOR OF 1
ST
AM FR PRESS
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PLUMBERS
Nixon established a secret group known as the plumbers to plug leaks
Started campaign of dirty tricks that included IRS harassment and derailing of Democratic frontrunner Edmund Muskie.
Used methods as calling New Hampshire voters in the middle of the night and claiming to be from Harlem for
Muskee
or putting signs around Florida stating “Help
Muskee
in busing more children now”
Funded by Committee to Re-Elect the President
(CREEP)
which used highly questionable fund raising tactics and raised over $20 million Slide68
In March 1972, a group within the
Committee to Reelect the President
made plans to wiretap the phones at the
Democratic National Committee Headquarters
at the Watergate apartment complex in Washington, D.C.
This group was led by
E. Howard Hunt and G. Gordon
Liddy
. The group’s first attempt failed. During their second attempt on June 17, 1972, five men were arrested.
The money they carried was traced directly to Nixon’s reelection campaign, linking the break-in to the campaign.
The break-in and the
coverup
which resulted became known as the Watergate scandal.
The Watergate Break-InSlide69
The Watergate Coverup
Although Nixon had not been involved in the break-in, he became involved in its
coverup
.
He illegally authorized the CIA to try to persuade the FBI to stop its investigation of the break-in, on the grounds that the matter involved “
national security
.”
Nixon advisors launched a scheme to bribe the Watergate defendants into silence, as well as coaching them on how to lie in court.
During the months following the break-in, the incident was barely noticed by the public. Nixon won the 1972 election by a landslide. Slide70
In an effort to demonstrate his honesty, in May 1973 Nixon agreed to the appointment of a
special prosecutor
for the Watergate affair.
A special prosecutor works for the Justice Department and conducts an investigation into claims of wrongdoing by government officials.
The Watergate special prosecutor,
Archibald Cox
, insisted that Nixon release the White House tapes.
Nixon ordered him fired on Saturday, October 20, 1973, beginning a series of resignations and firings that became known as the “Saturday Night Massacre.”
The “Saturday Night Massacre”Slide71
Problems in the Nixon Administration, 1973–1974
Nixon’s public approval rating plummeted after his firing of Cox.
When Cox’s replacement, Leon
Jaworski
, also requested that Nixon turn over the tapes, Nixon turned over edited transcripts instead. Feelings of anger and disillusionment arose among many who read them.
Vice President Spiro Agnew, accused of evading income taxes and taking bribes, resigned in early October 1973. His successor, Gerald Ford, was not confirmed until two months later.
An Administration in JeopardySlide72
After the Saturday Night Massacre, Congress began the process of determining if they should
i
mpeach
the President, or charge him with misconduct while in office.
In the summer of 1974,
the House Judiciary Committee
voted to impeach Nixon on numerous charges. Conviction, and removal from office, seemed likely.
On August 5, 1974, Nixon released the White House tapes, with an 18 1/2 minute gap. Even with this gap, the tapes revealed his involvement in the Watergate
coverup
.
On August 9, 1974, Nixon resigned, the first President ever to do so. Gerald Ford was sworn in as the new President.
Impeachment Hearings and Nixon’s ResignationSlide73
WATERGATE COMPLEXSlide74
Slide75
WATERGATE CLIP
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NIXONS RESIGNS AUG. 1974--CLIPSlide77
NIXON DEPARTS Slide78
RESIGNATION
A delegation of the most senior members of Congress, led by Barry Goldwater, informed the President that no more than 15 Senators still supported him
On August 9, 1974, Nixon resigned
Vice President Gerald Ford became President and a month later pardoned Nixon Slide79

UNIT 9 CHAPTER 29: A TIME OF UPHEAVAL 1968-1974

UNIT 9 CHAPTER 29: A TIME OF UPHEAVAL 1968-1974

Presentation on theme: "UNIT 9 CHAPTER 29: A TIME OF UPHEAVAL 1968-1974"— Presentation transcript:

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