Environmental Sustainability in East Asia - PowerPoint Presentation

1. Environmental Sustainability in East AsiaPolicies and Technological OutputMatthew ShapiroIllinois Institute of Technologymatthew.shapiro@iit.edu

2. Focus: Environmental policies & technological output in East AsiaGHG focusChina: place and functionMethod: Comparative analysisDomestic policies and S&T outputConclusionsStrong efforts in all four countries, overallDisconnect in ChinaGHG-centered, not greenhouse effect-centeredGross concerns for acid rain and domestic infrastructure* Need for a more robust regional approach *Overview

3. Post-war era  sustainable economic growth Industrial & international economic policiesMid-80s to early 21st century  S&T outputNelson-Phelps pattern of catch-up2000 to the present  GHGs/climate changeOmitted from analyses of East Asian NISWorldwide effort to address GHG emissionsGlobal Green New Deal, UN (2008)Regional efforts to coordinateExtension of Pempel’s (2006) regionalismBackground

4. Key assumptionsInternational efforts positively correlated with domestic policiesDistinctions between treaties (Schneider, et al., 2008) and TOAs (De Coninck, et al., 2008)Combination of short-, medium-, long-term goalsEconomic growth a function of national innovative capacityHypothesisA positive connection exists between policies and related research outputNon-uniform impact of domestic, regional, and international policiesTheory

5. Correlate relevant policies over the post-war era…InternationalRegionalDomestic… with GHG-related S&T output in East AsiaGHG patent output (USPTO)GHG publications output (ISI-Web of Science)* “greenhouse effect” and/or “greenhouse gas”Method

6. 1965 UNDP1972 UNEP (Stockholm Conference)1979 Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution1987 Montreal Protocol1992 UN Commission on Sustainable Development2002 Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable DevelopmentPresent  H. Clinton’s action plan for S&T efforts: “Knowledge will not flow freely to developing world.”International coordination

7. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)China: 1,682 projects (36% of all CDM projects)239 originate from JapanTaiwan: zeroEvidence of political and institutional constraints to regional environmental policy coordination in NE Asia (Nam 2002)Accounting for S&T efforts and supra-regional GHG targetsTechnology-oriented agreements (TOA) a more successful option (De Coninck, et al., 2008)Asia Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate (APPCDC)Regional coordination

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10. Air pollution emphasisJapanLaw Concerning the Promotion of the Measures to Cope with Global WarmingTaiwanBasic Environment ActAir Pollution Control ActKoreaClean Air Conservation ActChinaNational Eleventh Five-Year Plan for Environmental ProtectionLaw of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution in ChinaDomestic efforts

11. Air pollution emphasis – S&T correlationJapanThird Basic Plan (2006-2010), TaiwanAgenda 21 and Basic Environment Act of 2002, establishment of Taiwan Industrial Greenhouse Office (TIGO) in 2006Korea$23 billion over the next five yearsChinaEnergy efficiency and environmental preservation; no effort to mitigate or address GHGsDomestic efforts

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16. Replicability of the East Asian caseA variant of an existing themeWorld Bank (1993), Evans (1998)Growth in a sustainable fashionFocus 1  acid rainFocus 2  overarching: greenhouse effectExpansion of catch-up modelGrowth through efforts at sustainabilityRegion-centered TOAs have substantial positive externalitiesGreater potential to impact China’s domestic policiesImplications