Fourteenth Edition Chapter 2 Political Ideologies Roskin Cord Medeiros Jones What Is Ideology 21 Explain the difference between a political theory and an ideology In general an ideology is a plan or a vision for how to improve society ID: 657597
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Slide1
Political Science: An Introduction
Fourteenth Edition
Chapter 2
Political Ideologies
Roskin
| Cord | Medeiros | JonesSlide2
What Is Ideology?
2.1 Explain the difference between a political theory and an ideology.
In general, an ideology is a plan or a vision for how to improve society.
Anthony Downs definitionA verbal image of the good society and the chief means of constructing that society.
Idealogue
– someone who believes
“PASSIONATELY”
in an ideologySlide3
What Is Ideology? (3 of 3)
2.1 Explain the difference between a political theory and an ideology.
Americans used to be very ideological and now are much more pragmatic.
Pragmatism – Using what works
Ideologies rarely work out as their advocates intend and many contain wishful thinking that collapses in the face of reality.Slide4
Figure 2.1
How political ideologies relate to one another: key thinkers and dates of emergence.Slide5
Classic Liberalism (1 of 2)
2.2
Distinguish between classic and modern liberalism.
Adam Smith (1723-1790) and The Wealth of NationsThe publication of The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith introduces classical liberalism.
The core idea of Smith's work was that the market did not need government to regulate it.Slide6
Classic Liberalism (2 of 2)
2.2
Distinguish between classic and modern liberalism.
The idea was expanded to a much broader notion about government not regulating all aspects of society.Society should be as free from government regulation as possible
Classical liberalism is closer to conservatism than to modern liberalism.Slide7
Modern Liberalism (1 of 2)
Modern liberalism differs from classical liberalism in its emphasis on the necessity of government intervention and economic regulation.
Classic Liberalism = little to none government regulation or economic involvement
Modern Liberalism = Want to see government intervention and economic regulationSlide8
Classic Conservatism
2.3
Contrast Burkean conservatism with its current variety.
The father of conservatism is English thinker Edmund Burke (1729-1797).
Burke opposed the British attempts to crush the American Revolution but did not like the radicalism of the French Revolution.
H
e was heavily influenced by the writings of Rousseau.
Institutions are created to compensate for human irrationality and are the products of centuries of trial and error.
Change is okay but it should happen slowly and gradually.Slide9
Modern Conservatism
The roots of this ideology are in the free market approach of Smith and the strong emphasis on family and tradition that comes from the writings of Burke.Slide10
Socialism
2.4 Explain how socialism split into several varieties.
Socialism begins with the writings of Karl Marx (1818-1883) in which he argued that capitalism would be overthrown by socialism.
Bourgeoisie – own the means of production
Proletariat – middle, working class
Marx argued capitalism would be overthrown by the middle class, then would become socialism… a classless society.Slide11
O
ther Ideologies
Social Democracy
Mildest form of socialism, promoting welfare measures but not state ownership of industry.
Communism
Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) – a socioeconomic order structured on the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social class.Slide12
Nationalism
2.5
Trace the origins of nationalism until the present day.
Nationalism is an exaggerated belief in the greatness of one's country.Sovereignty brought about the idea of nationality that provides the core of nationalism.
Nationalism first appears after the French Revolution, a revolution of "we the people" that highlighted a sense of greatness about the French people.Slide13
Fascism (1 of 2)
Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) - Fascism
takes nationalism and combines it with militarism and a love for order.Mussolini used to be a socialist but military service turned him into a nationalist. He took that nationalism, combines it with his military service to form fascism.Slide14
Ideology in Our Day
2.6
List and define as many current ideologies as you can.
Neoconservatism – liberal turning conservative because of problems with social programs. They reject the “if it feels good, do it” attitude
Libertarianism -
U.S. ideology in favor of shrinking all government power in favor of individual freedom
.
Feminism – Fight for gender equality
Environmentalism – Fight against overdevelopment, promote regulation and a clean environment as a means for a healthy society
/earth.