Niranjan Rai Need for Organisational Development To increase the level of interpersonal trust among employees to increase employees Level of satisfaction and commitment ID: 1044737
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1. Need For Organisational Development Niranjan Rai
2. Need for Organisational DevelopmentTo increase the level of inter-personal trust among employees to increase employees' Level of satisfaction and commitmentTo effectively manage conflictTo develop or enhance the organization's mission statement or vision statement
3. Every organisation has a need to remain viable and to survive in the world of change.Organisational development is a dynamic technique. It uses the behavioural science knowledge to assist the organisations in adjusting easily to the changes.
4. There are two important factors which cause the use of OD for the purpose of implementing planned change: Training for Change: Employees need training to adjust with the changes.To Help in Making the Organisational Culture More Responsive: In a dynamic environment, changes take place very rapidly. This requires a highly receptive and effective organisation so that changes are implemented and absorbed to make organisations survive and grow
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6. 1. Bird facies (Pierre Robin Malformation)Small lower jaw, a slit like hole in the palate of mouth (called cleft palate) and the tongue appear to fall into the throat (condition called as retroglossoptosis).2. Chipmunk facies ( Untreated β Thalassemia major, Bullimia nervosa, Parotid swelling)Expanded globular maxillae, with BM hyperexpansion into facial bones, combined with prominent epicanthal folds.3. Leonine facies (Lepromatous Leprosy)Peculiar, deeply furrowed, lionlike appearance of the face.4. Adenoid facies (Adenoid hypertrophy)Long, open-mouthed, dumb-looking face of children.
7. 5. Torpid or Myxedematous facies (Myxedema)Skin generally thickened, alopecia, periorbital oedema, xanthelasma, coolness and dryness of skin and hair, thinning of scalp hair, tongue swelling.6. Mask like or Parkinsonian facies (Parkinsonism)Mask-like, tremor of head, absence of blinking, dribbling of saliva, weakness of upward gaze, vacant look, seborrhoea and sweatiness.7. Acromegalic facies (Acromegaly)Large supraorbital ridge and frontal bossing, thickened lips, enlarge tongue, lower jaw firm and square (protruding jaw = prognathism).8. Cushingoid facies (Cushing syndrome)A rounded face with a double chin, prominent flushed cheeks, and fat deposits in the temporal fossa and cheeks.9. Gargoyle facies (Hurler syndrome)Head is large and dolichocephalic, with frontal bossing and prominent sagittal and metopic sutures, with mid-face hypoplasia, depressed nasal bridge, flared nares, and a prominent lower 1⁄3 of face, thickened facies, widely spaced teeth and attenuated dental enamel, gingival hyperplasia.
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9. 10. Thyrotoxic facies (Grave’s disease)Alert, startled, flushed and anxious appearance. Protrusion of of one or both eyes (exopthamlos) associated with retraction of the upper eyelids (lid lag) which results in the exposure of white conjunctiva above the cornea (Von-Graef’s sign).11. Hatchet facies (Myotonia atrophica)They have a tented, open mouth, elongated face and blunt affect. This appearance often results from the re-shaping of facial bones in childhood and adolescence due to the progressive pulling and wasting of affected muscles.12. Flat facies (Down syndrome)Flat appearing face, small head, flat bridge of the nose, smaller than normal, low-set nose, small mouth which causes the tongue to stick out and to appear overly large, upward slanting eyes, epicanthal fold, rounded cheeks, small misshapen ears.13. Snarling or Myasthenic facies (Myasthenia gravis)Drooping of the eyelids and corners of the mouth and weakness of the facial muscles.
10. 14. Mitral facies (Mitral stenosis)Rosy, flushed cheeks and dilated capillaries.15. Elfin facies (William’s Syndrome)Sunken nasal bridge, puffiness around eyes, epicanthal fold, blue starry eyes, long upper lip length, small and widely spaced teeth, small chin.16. Bovine facies (Craniofacial Dysostosis or Crouzon syndrome)Convex nasal profile, shortened mandible, macroglossia.17. Bell’s palsy (Facial nerve dysfunction)The eyelids on the paralyzed side can’t close. The mouth is drawn to the unparalyzed side, producing a somewhat grotesque appearance. Food and drink dribble from the mouth on the paralyzed side. The eye with the involved lid dries due to decreased tear production.18. Amiodarone faciesDeep blue discoloration around malar area and nose.
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13. Collection of Different Facies:16 Adenoid Facies: Adenoid Hypertrophy17 Ashen Gray Facies: Myocardial Infarction18 Bird Facies: Pierre Robin Malformation19 Bovine Facies: Cranio-Facial Dysostosis20 Cockayne Facies: Cockayne Syndrome21 Coarse Facies: Inborn Metabolism Errors22 Elfin Facies: Wiliam’s Syndrome23 Frog like Facies: Intranasal Disease24 Gargoyle Facies: Hurler’s Syndrome25 Hippocratic Facies: Close to death after prolong Disease26 Hatchet Facies: Myotonia Atrophica27 Marshal Halls Facies: Hydrocephalus28 Monkey Facies: Marasmus29 Mouse Facies: Chronic Renal Failure30 Pagetic Facies: Paget’s Disease31 Potter Facies: Oligohydramnios32 Plethoric Facies: Polycythemia33 Ricketic Facies: Rickets34 Snarling Facies: Myasthenia Gravis35 Uremic Facies: Uremia
14. MOON FACE:Plethoric puffy round face oily, ruddy, acne, alopecia, increase in facial hair(Hirsutism)
15. RACOON’S EYE (PANDA SIGN)Periorbital bruises Diagnosis: Head Injury (Base of the Skull Fracture)
16. ACROMEGALIC FACE:Prominent orbital ridges, large nose,thick greasy skin with Large coarse Facies (thick bones,protruding supraciliary areas,Enlarged Skull,prominent lower jaw/mandible(Prognathism),separation of the lower teeth) and thickening of the lips, spade like fleshy hands.
17. AGITATED/TERROR FACE:Bilateral Exophthalmos with periorbital Oedema/Graves Opthalmopathy- due to Graves disease with Lid Lag(Von Graefe’s sign) and Lid Retraction(Dalrymple’s sign)Diagnosis: Thyrotoxicosis/Graves Disease
18. CRETINIC FACE:Idiotic look,large head,sparse hair,broad flat nose with big nostril,widely set eyes( hypertelorism), thick everted lip with macroglosssia(so large protruding tongue), jaundice. Diagnosis: CRETINISM (Congenital Hypothyroidism)
19. MYXEDEMATOUS FACE:Puffy face with peri-orbital swelling,baggy eye lid and malar flush with loss of outer one third of eye brow. Its Also known as Torpid face.Diagnosis: Hypothyroidism
20. SCLERODERMA FACE (Bird beak face/”Mauskopf”-mousehead facies):Smooth,shiny,tight face with beaking of nose(Sharp nose),salt and pepper appearence, Microstomia(narrow mouth opening),Lips thin and pursed,pinched nose,loss of wrinkling of forehead.Diagnosis: Systemic sclerosis
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23. MALAR RASH(LUPUS FACIES)Butterfly distribution of RashesDiagnosis: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Confusion Breaker: Mitral Facies/Malar Rash Vs Butterfly Rash Rosy Coloration of cheeks(duo to vascular stasis) with bluish tinge(duo to arteriovenous anastomosis). Though its seen in Mitral Stenosis patients but its not Pathognomonic may be seen in normal person and other diseased conditions e.g. Hypothyroidism, Polycythemia and PH(photograph given)
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25. MASKED FACE:Mask like expressionless face with less blinks of the eye, fixed and apathetic look(Stare look/Serpentine stare) dribbling of saliva.
26. Lion like appearance, prominent ridges and furrows of forehead and cheeks. Widespread nodule and infiltration with loss of eye brows and early collapse of nose.Diagnosis: Advanced Lepromatous leprosy
27. MONGOLOID FACE:Frontal bossing, depressed bridge of the nose, hypertelorism, malar prominence, dental malocclusion, mild icterus, pallor. It is also called Chimpunk Facies.Diagnosis: Hereditary Haemolytic Anemia(Beta-Thalassaemia Major)
28. onfusion Breaker: Thalassaemia ছাড়াও Down Syndrome এর Face কেও MONGOLOID FACE বলা হয়, যাঁদের বা যে অসুখের কারণে চোখে Epicanthal Fold থাকে তাঁদের সবাইকেই MONGOLOID FACE বলে। চাইনিজ/থাই/জাপানিজ এদের সবারই MONGOLOID FACE।
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30. FLAT FACE:Flat nasal bridge and protruded tongue with Opened small mouth, almond shaped eyes(due to epicanthal folds), and upward slanting eyes(seen in 1a), light-colored spots in their eyes (called Brushfield spots),low set small ears, hypertelorism(increased distance between two orbits), high arched palate with small teeth, idiotic lookDiagnosis: Down’s Syndrome
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