Ethics Across the Curriculum Two Approaches to Using Case Studies Two Approaches to Using Case Studies Values Clarification Presenting students cases and asking What do you think Two Approaches to Using Case Studies ID: 491732
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Slide1
Applying Moral Theories to Case Studies
Ethics Across the Curriculum Slide2
Two Approaches to Using Case StudiesSlide3
Two Approaches to Using Case Studies
Values Clarification
Presenting students cases and asking: “What do you think?”Slide4
Two Approaches to Using Case Studies
Values Clarification
Presenting students cases and asking: “What do you think?”
Challenge them to develop a reason why they think that.Slide5
Two Approaches to Using Case Studies
Values Clarification
Presenting students cases and asking: “What do you think?”
Challenge them to develop a reason why they think that.Goal: consistency among their beliefsSlide6
Two Approaches to Using Case Studies
Moral Theory ApproachSlide7
Two Approaches to Using Case Studies
Moral Theory Approach
Presenting students case studies and moral theories.Slide8
Two Approaches to Using Case Studies
Moral Theory Approach
Presenting students case studies and moral theories.
Asking them how theory A would lead us to respond and why, and then how theory B would lead us to respond and why.Slide9
Two Approaches to Using Case Studies
Moral Theory Approach
Presenting students case studies and moral theories.
Asking them how theory A would lead us to respond and why, and then how theory B would lead us to respond and why.Goal: a plausible moral worldview (not merely internal consistency)Slide10
Duty-based TheoriesSlide11
Duty-based Theories
Humans are intrinsically valuable.Slide12
Duty-based Theories
Humans are intrinsically valuable.
Why?
Value is either “extrinsic” (ascribed) or “intrinsic” (inherent).Beings who have (a) the capacity for understanding moral reasons and (b) acting on moral reasons are the only sort of beings for whom moral obligations are relevant, thus they are the source of all extrinsic value in the universe.Humans meet conditions (a) and (b).
Therefore, humans are intrinsically valuable.Slide13
Duty-based Theories
Humans are intrinsically valuable.
Duties are discovered by applying a rational criterion to an action in light of the intrinsic value of humans.Slide14
Duty-based Theories
Humans are intrinsically valuable.
Duties are discovered by applying a rational criterion to an action in light of the intrinsic value of humans.
Which rational criterion is relevant depends on the duty-based theorist.Slide15
UtilitarianismSlide16
Utilitarianism
Happiness is the only morally valuable feature of reality.Slide17
Utilitarianism
Happiness is the only morally valuable feature of reality.
The value of each being that can experience pleasure and pain (“sentient” beings, human or animal) is calculated equally.Slide18
Utilitarianism
Happiness is the only morally valuable feature of reality.
The value of each being that can experience pleasure and pain (“sentient” beings, human or animal) is calculated equally.
An act is right or wrong insofar as it increases or decreases the overall happiness of the most sentient beings over the longest time.Slide19
How does this work?
Inclination Intended Result
Will
Duty Actual Result
What makes an act right or wrong?Slide20
Duty-based Theories
Inclination Intended Result
Will
Duty Actual Result
What makes an act right or wrong?Slide21
Utilitarianism
Inclination Intended Result
Will
Duty Actual Result
What makes an act right or wrong?Slide22
Applying Moral Theories to Case Studies
The Trolley Case