US History Exploration and the Colonial Era Earliest Americans came from land bridge over the Bering Straits Estimates say by 1492 were 54 million people in the Americas I CAN EXPLAIN THE MOVEMENT OF NATIVE PEOPLES TO THE AMERICAS ID: 246606
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Slide1
Chapter 1
US History:
Exploration and the Colonial EraSlide2
Earliest Americans came from land bridge over the Bering Straits
Estimates say by 1492 were 54 million people in the Americas!!
I CAN EXPLAIN THE MOVEMENT OF NATIVE PEOPLES TO THE AMERICASSlide3
Major Native American Civilizations
Incas
Peru
Mayans
Central America
Aztecs
Mexico
I CAN IDENTIFY THE THREE MAJOR NATIVE CIVILIZATIONS IN THE AMERICA’SSlide4
North American Native Cultures
Corn planting allowed civilization of the North American continent
MAJOR CIVILIZATIONS
Pueblo
--American Southwest
Mound Builders-
-Ohio River Valley
Iroquois-
-present day NY
I CAN IDENTIFY THE THREE MAJOR NATIVE CIVILIZATIONS IN THE AMERICA’SSlide5
The Iroquois
Located in present day New York area
Led by leader Hiawatha
Developed the Iroquois Confederacy
I CAN DESCRIBE THE IROQUOIS CONFEDERACYSlide6Slide7Slide8Slide9Slide10
Early discoverers of the Americas included the Norsemen from Scandinavia
Settled in area presently known as Newfoundland, but they called it Vinland
Most famous Viking explorer was Leif Ericson
I CAN EXPLAIN THE IMPACT OF THE NORSEMEN ON AMERICAN HISTORYSlide11
3 Things That That Encouraged Exploration
Christian Crusades
created a taste for Asian goods
Marco Polo
(Prince of Liars) went to China and stayed for 20 years and told of coals, silk, and fireworks
The Renaissance-
-means a rebirth of learning. Peak was 1400s
I CAN LIST 3 THINGS THAT ENCOURAGED EXPLORATIONSlide12
PORTUGAL
Portugal
first country to encourage trading and exploration and spurred on by Prince Henry the Navigator
Traveled to the tip of Africa
Bartholomeu
Dias
Vasco de Gama
Traveled around the southern tip of Africa
I CAN EXPLAIN PORTUGUESE EXPLORATION AND ITS EFFECTSSlide13
Treaty of
tordesillas
1494
Spain
Portugal
Authorized the Pope to divide the New World with the Line of Demarcation
Eastern half went to Portugal
Western half went to Spain
I CAN IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TREATY OF TORDESILLASSlide14
Ferdinand and Isabella
Leaders of Spain that united Spain with good leadership and money
Sponsored Christopher Columbus in 1492
I CAN IDENTIFY THE IMPACT OF FERDINAND AND ISABELLA OF SPAINSlide15
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
Sponsored by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
Traveled with 3 ships: Nina,
Pinta
, and Santa Maria
Landed in San Salvador and mistakenly called the natives Indians and because of this the Bahamas becomes known as the West Indies
I CAN ASSESS THE IMPACT OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS ON THE NEW WORLDSlide16
What does this drawing show? Look at the background, what symbols are present? How are the Indians perceived in this picture? What changes in relations between Europeans and Indians do you think will take place?Slide17
???????????????????????????
What does the picture and caption tell you? Do you think the Spanish were helping Native Americans? What are some ironies/paradoxes you notice based on this picture? How much of a motive was religion in the brutality of the conquest of the Americas?Slide18Slide19
* Squash * Avocado * Peppers * Sweet Potatoes
* Turkey * Pumpkin * Tobacco * Quinine
* Cocoa * Pineapple * Cassava * POTATO
* Peanut * Tomato * Vanilla * MAIZE * Syphilis
*
Olive * Coffee Beans * Banana * Rice
* Onion * Turnip * Honeybee * Barley
* Grape * Peach * Sugar Cane * Oats
* Citrus Fruits * Pear * Wheat *
HORSE
* Cattle * Sheep * Pig * Smallpox
* Flu * Typhus * Measles * Malaria
* Diphtheria * Whooping Cough
Columbian Exchange
or the transfer of goods involved 3 continents, Americas, Europe and Africa
90% of Native Population
Will die b/c of disease!
I CAN IDENTIFY THE BACKGROUND AND GOODS OF THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGESlide20Slide21Slide22Slide23Slide24
7 Famous Spanish Conquistadores
Balboa
Ferdinand Magellan
Ponce de Leon
Coronado
Hernando de Soto
Pizzaro
Hernando Cortes
I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORESSlide25
Vasco Balboa
Spanish conqueror who first saw the Pacific Ocean
Named it the South Sea
1513
I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORESSlide26
Ferdinand Magellan
First man to circumnavigate the world
Started with 5 ships and 260 people, came back with one ship and 17 people
Killed by natives in the Philippines
1519
I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORESSlide27
Ponce de Leon
Florida
While looking for gold and silver and the “fountain of youth” he discovered Florida
1513
I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORESSlide28
Francisco
Coronado
Heard of the “7 Cities of Gold”
Discovered the Grand Canyon
I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORESSlide29
Hernando de Soto
1
st
to find the Mississippi River and nicknamed it the “Father of Waters”
I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORESSlide30
Pizarro
Conquered the Inca’s in Peru
Inca’s
1532
I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORESSlide31
“Governor Pizarro now sent Friar Vicente de
Valverde to go speak to
Atahuallpa, and to require Atahuallpa in the name of God and of the King of Spain that Atahuallpa subject himself to the law of our Lord Jesus Christ and to the service of His Majesty the King of Spain. Advancing with a cross in one hand and the Bible in the other hand, and going among the Indian troops up to the place where Atahuallpa was, the Friar thus addressed him: ‘I am a Priest of God, and I teach Christians the things of God, and in like manner I come to teach you. What I teach is that which God says to us in this Book. Therefore, on the part of God and of the Christians, I beseech you to be their friend, for such is God’s will, and it will be for your good.’ Slide32
“
Atahuallpa asked for the Book, that he might look at it, and the Friar gave it to him closed.
Atahuallpa did not know how to open the Book, and the Friar was extending his arm to do so, when Atahuallpa, in great anger, gave him a blow on the arm, not wishing that it should be opened. Then he opened it himself, and, without any astonishment at the letters and paper he threw it away from him five or six paces, his face a deep crimson. Slide33
“The Friar returned to Pizarro, shouting, ‘Come out! Come out, Christians! Come at these enemy dogs who reject the things of God. That tyrant has thrown my book of Holy Law to the ground! Did you not see what happened?! Why remain polite and servile toward this over-proud dog when the plains are full of Indians? March out against him, for I absolve youSlide34
“The Friar returned to Pizarro, shouting, ‘Come out! Come out, Christians! Come at these enemy dogs who reject the things of God. That tyrant has thrown my book of Holy Law to the ground! Did you not see what happened?! Why remain polite and servile toward this over-proud dog when the plains are full of Indians? March out against him, for I absolve you!”Slide35
Aztecs of Mexico
1519
Hernando Cortes
Conquered the Aztecs of Mexico
I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORESSlide36
MONTEZUMA
Aztec leader when the Spanish arrived
Tenochtitlan
--Aztec capital, today it is called Mexico CitySlide37
System of forced labor the Spanish forced brutally upon the Native Americans
ENCOMIENDA
SYSTEM
I CAN DESCRIBE THE ENCOMIENDA SYSTEMSlide38
St. Augustine
1565
First permanent Spanish settlement in the United States
I CAN IDENTIFY THE FIRST MAJOR SPANISH SETTLEMENT IN NORTH AMERICASlide39
“Black Legend”
Misconception that all the Spanish did was rob, rape, and kill the Natives
In reality, they clothed, educated, married, converted Natives
I CAN DESCRIBE THE IDEA OF THE “BLACK LEGEND”Slide40
Don Juan de Onate
Conquistador who abused and conquered the Pueblo Indians in New Mexico
1599
I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORESSlide41
Cabrillo
Conquistador who discovered the coast of California
I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES