A focus on Turkey Iraq and Iran MOUNTAINS turkey Several tectonic plates converge at the Anatolian Peninsula AKA Asia Minor North Anatolian Fault Turkeyone of the most active faults in the world ID: 692312
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Slide1
CHAPTER 17: Northeast middle east
A focus on Turkey, Iraq, and IranSlide2
MOUNTAINS (turkey)
Several tectonic plates converge at the Anatolian Peninsula, AKA: Asia Minor
North Anatolian Fault (Turkey)—one of the most active faults in the world
Many volcanoes in TurkeyPontic Mts in the northeastMt. Ararat to the east of Pontic (16,945 ft)Taurus Mts in the southwestAnatolian Plateau in betweenSlide3
MOUNTAINS (IRAN)
Elburz
Mts
along northern borderTallest peak: Mt. Damavand (18,934 ft)—Iran’s highest peak; volcanoZagros Mts along southwestern border, into Iraq
Tallest peak: Zard Kuh (14,921 ft)Slide4
TURKISH STRAITS
STRAIT
:
a narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two large areas of waterCreates border btwn Europe and AsiaConsists of:DardanellesThe Sea of MarmaraBosporusControl of this area controls trade (cha-ching!!)Slide5
rivers
Tigris (1,180 mi) and Euphrates (2,235 mi)
Home of Mesopotamia—”land between rivers”
Converge into Shatt al Arab (120 mi), then empties into Persian GulfSlide6
CASPIAN SEA
An important transportation link
btwn
Iran and other Asian countriesOil/natural gasHeavy fishingSlide7
OTHER WATER SYSTEMS
Persian Gulf (Arabian Gulf)
Gulf of Oman
Strait of Hormuz---strategic outlet from the Persian Gulf to Indian OceanSlide8
SECTION 2: HUMAN GEOGRAPHYSlide9
EARLY CIVILIZATION
Tigris and Euphrates formed a
natural boundary
for MesopotamiaCULTURAL HEARTH: center in which cultures develop and from which they spreadNeolithic Revolution---learn to farm/domesticate animalsPpl become sedentary; have more time to thinkDevelop new tools and systems of governmentBoom! Civilization!Slide10
MESOPOTAMIA
Home to Sumer (c. 5000
yrs
ago)Developed early writing system called CUNEIFORM: using wedge-shaped symbols pressed into clay tabletsC. 1900 B.C.: Babylon emerges and dominates MesopotamiaSlide11
PERSIAN and ottoman EMPIREs
Present-day Iran
Brilliant engineers
QANAT: underground canal---reduce evaporation of waterOttomans ruled from AnatoliaEmpire extended across N. Africa, western Asia, and southeastern EuropeDefeated in World War ISlide12
IRAQ
Became independent in 1932
In turmoil ever since
Iraq-Iran War 1980-19881st Persian Gulf War 1990-1991Iraq War 2003-2011Leader was Saddam Hussein (dictator)---arrested, convicted, executed
Parliamentary democracyCurrent leader: Fuad MasumSlide13
IRAN
1979: Shah Reza Pahlavi is overthrown
Islamic scholars, mullahs, came to power
Islamic Republic was formedMuslim clerics, ayatollahs, maintain political and religious influenceDeep dislike of Western influenceSlide14
Oil!
1908: Oil discovered in Persian Gulf
1911: 1
st commercial oil well in Iran1960: Iran and Iraq join w/other oil-producing countries to form the ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES (OPEC)They regulate oil pricesSlide15
Ethnic diversity
Vast majority are Muslim
Major ethnic groups: Turks, Iranians, Arabs, and Kurds
Majority in Iraq are ArabKurds live in areas of Turkey, Iraq, and IranMajor cities: Istanbul, Tehran, BaghdadSlide16
THE ARTS
Early
civs
created sculptures, metalwork, and large buildingsZIGGURAT: large temple built by SumeriansLiterature is based on oral tradition, epics, and poetryFine carpet weaving from ancient PersiaSlide17
RESOURCES
OIL!!!!!!!!
Iran and Iraq are leading exporters