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42 Years of Popular Music Analysis 42 Years of Popular Music Analysis

42 Years of Popular Music Analysis - PowerPoint Presentation

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42 Years of Popular Music Analysis - PPT Presentation

Teaching in 21 Minutes 2 years per minute Philip Tagg Visiting Professor Universities of Huddersfield and Salford UK wwwtaggorg httptaggorgClipsNantes130531mp4 or httpyoutubeGbDG8ApNhRs ID: 216866

tonal music org tagg music tonal tagg org time terminology tone 2013 form tonality musical tonic terms noun amp

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Slide1

42 Years of Popular Music AnalysisTeaching in 21 Minutes [2 years per minute]

Philip TaggVisiting Professor, Universities of Huddersfield and Salford (UK)www.tagg.org

http://tagg.org/Clips/Nantes130531.mp4 or http://youtu.be/GbDG8ApNhRs must be accessible

A short audit of a few problems in the denotation ofmusical structure, with suggestions for improvement

Presentation at Popular Music Analysis Conference,University of Liverpool, 4 July, 2013

Previous versions ‘The Trouble with Tonal Terminology', ‘Too Important to Fail', etc. presented in Rome, Glasgow,

Århus

,

Göteborg

, Durham, Liverpool (2011); Newcastle, Lancaster, Nottingham, Berlin, Granada, London (City), Manchester, Granada,

Cáceres

,

Huddersfield

(2012), Cambridge (Anglia), Naples, Trento, Nantes (2013).Slide2

Overviewpresentation overview as intended in Liverpool, 4 July 2013

‘Time’ ‘Totality' or ‘form’

Que faire? Background and aim

‘Tonality’Slide3

BACKGROUNDSlide4

Background [potted CV 1]1957-62 Organ, composition,

trad. jazz1962-65 BA in Music (Cambridge); Scottish country dancing, soul/R&B1963 -66 Cert. Ed. (Manchester); mainstream blues/jazz, pop demos

1966-71 Various gigging combos (Sweden)1971 Full time employment as music teacher‘unusually eclectic’Slide5

Background [potted CV 2]1968-72 Choir (sing & arr.)

1971-76 Agitrock band1971-78 Keyboard harmony, etc.1971- History and analysis (incl. euroclass

., pop, jazz, ‘world’, etc.)1993- Music & Moving Image courses1998-2001 EPMOW articles2009 Everyday Tonality2012 Music’s Meanings: a musicology

for non-musosSlide6

Visited 2012-05-03Slide7

Sets and subsets (1)

Rain

HailSnow

‘MUSIC’‘popular’‘ethno’

‘world’‘dance’‘contemporary’

‘medieval

‘jazz’

etc.

‘avant-garde

‘early’

‘rock’

etc.Slide8

TONALITYSlide9

Sets and subsets (2)

Rain

HailSnow

Euroclassicalc. 1730 – 1910― ‘functional’ (!?)―—‘tonal’ (!?)—

‘modal’

pretonal

’ (!)

posttonal

’ (!?)

‘contemporary’

‘medieval

‘jazz’

etc.

‘atonal

’ (!?)

‘primitive’

etc.Slide10

Tonal TerminologyAspects of musical structure compatible with Western notation:i.e. a system of graphic representation developed to encode mainly monometric

music whose pitches conform to the twelve notes of our chromatically divided octave.(a v. small % of all music at any time anywhere)Slide11

Basic definitionsTONE : note with audible fundamental pitch

TONAL : consisting or characteristic of tonesTONALITY : system of tonal configurationTONIC : central reference tone in relation to which other tones in a piece or extract of music are audibly related

One problem :Tonalité/tonalidad/tonalità

, etc. = key/Tonart—idiome tonal

for ‘tonality’/‘Tonalität’— ?

PLEASE DISTINGUISH

between

TONE

and

TONICSlide12

‘ATONAL’ !?Slide13

Linguistic derivative pattern 1— -al -

alityNoun Adjective Abstract noun

root derivative derivative brute brutal brutalitycrime criminal criminality form formal formalitymode modal modalityTONE TONAL TONALITYSlide14

Linguistic derivative pattern 2

-ic -ical (-icality

/-icism)Noun Adjective Noun Adjectivecleric clerical clinic clinicalcomic comical critic critical

ethic[s] ethical lyric[s] lyricalmagic magical music musicalmystic mystical physic[s] physical

sceptic sceptical

rhetoric rhetorical

t

actic[s] tactical topic topical

tropic[s] tropical

Abstr

. n.

musicality, physicality, topicality

OR

criticism, mysticism,

scepticism

HENCE

TONICALITY

OR

TONICISM

e

rgo:

ATONICAL

or

NON-TONICAL

,

ATONICALITY

,

etc.

TONIC TONICALSlide15

Tonality v. Modality

ionian (heptatonic/diatonic)phrygian (heptatonic

/diatonic)Nawa Athar (heptatonic)

نوى أثرdoh

-pentatonic (anhemitonic)

-pentatonic

(

anhemitonic

)

hirajoshi

(pos. 4:

hemitonic

, pentatonic)

Which of these modes are tonal and which are modal?Slide16

Chordal mystery categoryQUARTAL

‘triadic’? ‘functional’ ? ‘diatonic’?

TERTIALPLEASE DISTINGUISH

TETRAD

FOURTH

TRIAD

THIRDSlide17

Tonal terminology conclusions Don’t confuse TONE with TONIC. Tonal music without

a tonic is ATONICAL, not ‘atonal’. Don’t confuse TRIADs with THIRDS. If harmony based on stacked fourths is quartal, harmony based on stacked

thirds is TERTIAL. Don’t propagate false contradictions like ‘TONAL v. MODAL’. Please conceptualise all modes, including the ionian, as

modes. Please also consider all modes as tonal. Don’t use TONAL and TONALITY in a musically, culturally and intellectually restrictive manner. Please

consider the MULTIPLICITY of TONALITIES (tonal systems). Slide18

TIME

SORRY. NO TIME FOR TIME THIS TIMEexcept to mention just a few termsSlide19

Time: a few problem terms —under construction—

syncopation polyrhythmpolymetricitycross-rhythmextended

present— only possible in monometric

music with unequivocal downbeats— arises when >1 rhythmic pattern is heard at the same time

— more accurate designation of rhythmic

traits in many

Subsaharan

musics

— term used by

Subsaharan

music scholars and practitioners to cover ‘

polymetricity

’ (a

eurocentric

term)

neuroscientifically

established concept essential to understanding how batches of ‘now sound’ (

syncrisis

, groove, etc.) work Slide20

FORM

“a shape; an arrangement of parts” (

Concise Oxford Dictionary, 1995) Slide21

Visual “form” (‘composition’, ‘shape’, etc.)

Musical “form” (‘composition’?)

Exposition | Exposition | Development | Recapitulation

Chorus | Chorus |Middle 8/Bridge

| Chorus

A | A | B | A

diachronic,

extensional form

synchronic,

intensional

form

vessel

formed

as a

coffee pot

bush

formed

as a

mushroomSlide22

Play video http://tagg.org/Clips/Nantes130531.mp4

orhttp://youtu.be/GbDG8ApNhRsSlide23

QUE FAIRE?Slide24

What to do? (1)

Ostrich strategy. ‘Nothing is wrong’. Carry on as usual.

‘We may be in the minority but we’re always right.’ Defeatist (‘realist’) strategy. T

ake note but no action: ‘interesting; some valid points but we have to deal with

music theory “as is”. You can’t change >100 years of

dubiously ethnocentric

labelling

. Get used to it!’

Tokenist

strategy.

‘We’re broad-minded and modern.

We have ethnomusicology and/or popular music

studies and/or music technology on the curriculum but

we see no need to change the basics of music theory.

Laissez-faire (‘anti-authoritarian’) strategy

. New terms

are as bad as old ones. You’re forcing everyone to

think like you. Let things develop organically, man!Slide25

What to do (2)? Risk

alienation from conservative musicology (both ancient and modern) by making life easier for the popular majority of students through: - simple reform of a few basic terms; - recognition of vernacular musical competence; - reintegration of music as a specific form of symbolic production on a par with others.Slide26

What to do (3)Establish a forum of interested parties in music education, media education, etc.

Get together to decide on priorities for a reform of music theory terminology.Involve experts from as many musical territories as possible so as to minimise risks of producing new ethnocentric concepts.Collaborate across cultural, disciplinary and professional boundaries to produce a music theory primer (max. 100 pp.) to take us into the 21st

-century and the age of globalisation. Slide27

Further edificationMusic’s Meanings: a modern musicology for non-musos

(2013) tagg.org/mmmsp/publications.htmll [710 pp.]

Everyday Tonality (2009) tagg.org/mmmsp/publications.html [334 pp.]

Dominants and Dominance

Musical Learning & Epistemic Diffraction

Scotch Snaps: the big picture

Troubles with Tonal Terminology

(2011-13)

—tagg.org/articles/

xpdfs

/Aharonian2011.pdf [32 pp.]

‘Not the sort of thing you could photocopy’

(2013)

A short idea history of notation with suggestions for reform in music education and research [21 pp.]

—tagg.org/articles/

xpdfs

/Frith1301.pdfSlide28

THE ENDPhilip

Tagg — tagg.org — MMXIII