Andrew Turner 4252015 Abstract Carbon nanotubes are small tubes of carbon fiber that are prized for their electrical mechanical and thermal properties making them ideal for a variety of applications CNTs small size and thermal properties make them ideal for future transistor and interco ID: 775042
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Slide1
Carbon Nanotubes and Related; Devices and Applications
Andrew Turner 4/25/2015
Slide2Abstract
Carbon
nanotubes
are small tubes of carbon fiber that are prized for their electrical, mechanical and thermal properties making them ideal for a variety of applications. CNTs small size and thermal properties make them ideal for future transistor and interconnect production providing a solution to the problem of Moore’s Law. In addition, CNT’s mechanical properties can be tied in with their electrical properties to produce a variety of sensors and related devices.
Slide3Key Terms
CNT – Carbon
nanotube
SWNT – Single walled carbon
nanotube
MWNT –
Multiwalled
carbon
nanotube
Slide4Outline and Introduction
HistoryCharacteristicsProductionApplications
Slide5Questions
What are carbon
nanotubes
?
What determines if a
nanotube
has metallic or semiconductor properties?
What must we do in order to use carbon
nanotubes
in gas sensors?
What are some unique properties of carbon
nanotubes
?
What is the major drawback for the use of carbon
nanotubes
in transistors?
Slide6History and Background
First discovered by Sumio Iijma in 1991 while looking at soot from a Fullerene experiment.Sumio Iijma has received several honors and awards including the Kavli prize.
Slide7Characteristics
Electrical conductivity is determined by how the tubes are rolled.The armchair configuration is used to create metallic tubes.The zigzag method can be used for either metallic or semiconducting tubes.
Slide8Characteristics
Thermal conductivity along tube axis is twice that of diamond.High current densities exceeding 1010 A/cm2.
Slide9Production
Carbon
nanotubes
are created using single layers of graphite rolled up to form diameters of 1 to 100nm and up to millimeters in length.
Arc discharge method using electrodes
CVD – Chemical Vapor Deposition
L
aser induced traces of different types on catalyst metals
Slide10Production
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is then used to grow the fibers in a catalyst containing gas with temperatures between 300 and 1150 degrees C.
The fibers are collected from the deposition system and are placed in a solvent.
The drying leaves the
nanotubes
in randomly distributed places.
Slide11Production
The lower temperatures in the 300 to 1150 degree C range are used for multi-walled carbon
nanotube
production.
The higher temperatures in the 300 to 1150 degree C range are used for single-walled carbon
nanotube
production. Single walled carbon
nanotubes
are desired for semiconductor use.
Slide12Applications
InterconnectsTransistorsSensorsEnergy storage
Slide13Use in Interconnects
The use of carbon
nanotubes
in place of traditional polycrystalline interconnects allows for no
ohmic
scattering due to loss.
Decreased signal delay
Remember it is not always the interconnects for the delay. Devices themselves could cause the greatest delay.
Since carbon
nanotubes
have an extremely high current density they are resistant to current crowding.
Slide14Use in Transistors
Switching behavior first observed in 1998 where the conductivity was observed to be modulated by about five orders of magnitude
CMOS device created when a section of a
nanotube
was doped using potassium thus reversing its conductivity.
The CNTFET outperforms the prospective Si-MOSFET when using
Guo’s
theory.
Slide15Use in Transistors
Guo’s theory showing predicted values for MOSFETs in 2016
Slide16Use in Transistors
It is much easier to implement vertical transistor packing because source and drain areas can be arranged vertically.
Reproducibility is difficult
Difficulty in building up for carbon
nanotube
devices as opposed to the building down of silicon based devices.
Slide17Use in Transistors
Slide18Use in Transistors
Cedric (Stanford)
Slide19Use in Sensors
Can be used as environmental sensors because they can change density and conductance properties depending on what they come into contact with
Ammonia and Nitrogen Dioxide Sensors
Hydrogen and Methane Sensors
Sulfur Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Sensors
Carbon Monoxide Sensors
O2 sensors
Pressure Sensors
Slide20Use in Sensors
Pressure sensors for robotics and medical field (Stanford)Variable capacitance and material elasticity
Slide21Other Applications
Battery Technology (Stanford)Sacha (Stanford)Conductive PastesThermal clothing sensors for firefighters
Slide22Summary and Conclusions
Scatter free current transport allowing high current densities and improved signal delays in transistors.
Smaller feature size along with the ability to provide three dimensional stacking by implementing vertical gates and drains in transistors.
Doping or coating allows for a variety of uses in gas sensor applications.
Thin conductive layers can be produced for use in battery technology and pressure sensing.
Slide23References
Hoenlein
, W.;
Kreupl
, F.;
Duesberg
, G.S.; Graham, A.P.;
Liebau
, M.; Seidel, R.V.; Unger, E., "Carbon
nanotube
applications in microelectronics,"
Components and Packaging Technologies, IEEE Transactions on
, vol.27, no.4, pp.629,634, Dec. 2004
^^^ Semiconductor characteristic charts for CNTs and Image of CNT
Yonggang
Zou
;
Guojun
Liu; Lin Li;
Zhanguo
Li; Mei Li, "Carbon
nanotubes
and thermal properties,"
Laser Physics and Laser Technologies (RCSLPLT) and 2010 Academic Symposium on Optoelectronics Technology (ASOT), 2010 10th Russian-Chinese Symposium on
, vol., no., pp.72,75, July 28 2010-Aug. 1 2010
Anas
, N.S., "Carbon
Nanotube
as a basic material for Sensors: A review,"
Nanoscience
, Engineering and Technology (ICONSET), 2011 International Conference on
, vol., no., pp.212,218, 28-30 Nov. 2011
Sukirno
;
Bisri
,
Satria
Zulkarnaen
;
Irmelia
;
Hasanah
, L.;
Suryamas
,
Adi
Bagus
;
Usman
, I.;
Mursal
, "Comparison of Electronic Transport Parameter of CNT(10,10)/CNT(17,0) and CNT(5,5)/CNT(8,0) Carbon
Nanotube
Metal-Semiconductor On-Tube
Heterojunction
,"
Semiconductor Electronics, 2006. ICSE '06. IEEE International Conference on
, vol., no., pp.267,271, Oct. 29 2006-Dec. 1 2006
Bondar
, A.M.; Bara, A.;
Patroi
, D.;
Svasta
, P.M., "Carbon
Mesophase
/Carbon
Nanotubes
Nanocomposite
- Functional Filler for Conductive Pastes,"
Polymers and Adhesives in Microelectronics and Photonics,
Polytronic
, 2005.
Polytronic
2005. 5th International Conference on
, vol., no., pp.215,218, 23-26 Oct. 2005
Aliahmad
, N.;
Agarwal
, M.;
Shrestha
, S.;
Varahramyan
, K., "Paper-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Carbon
Nanotube
-Coated Wood Microfibers,"
Nanotechnology, IEEE Transactions on
, vol.12, no.3, pp.408,412, May 2013
^^^ Battery photo source
Slide24References
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUNpmzO1vJU
Pressure Sensor Photo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJHZylgWeJw
Cedric Photo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nunbHKHc-LM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPTcQJPbGHw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvtakD9YYB8
Bike Photo
http://www.giant-bicycles.com/en-us/bikes/model/tcr.advanced.sl.1/18724/76095/
Arc discharge Photo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yInS9hcYgSc
Sumio
Iijima
Photo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumio_Iijima
Slide25Questions
What are carbon
nanotubes
?
What determines if a
nanotube
has metallic or semiconductor properties?
What must we do in order to use carbon
nanotubes
in gas sensors?
What are some unique properties of carbon
nanotubes
?
What is the major drawback for the use of carbon
nanotubes
in transistors?