Chapter 8 LECTURE OUTLINE - PowerPoint Presentation

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Chapter 8 LECTURE OUTLINE

The Geography of RELIGION

Human Geography

by Malinowski & Kaplan

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Photo © Jon Malinowski.

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Chapter 8 Modules

8A Classifying Religions8B Major World Religions8C Hinduism8D Buddhism8E Judaism8F Christianity8G The Spread and Distribution of Christianity8H Islam8I Other Large Religious Groups8J Landscapes of ReligionCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.8-2Slide3

8A: Classifying Religions

ReligionA cultural system of beliefs, traditions, and practices often centered around the worship of a deity or deitiesUniversalizing religionsReligions that seek to convert nonbelieversExamples: Christianity, IslamEthnic religionsA religion closely associated with a particular ethnic groupExamples: Judaism, Hinduism8-3Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Slide4

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8-4Figure 8B.1World ReligionsSlide5

8C: Hinduism

At least 4,000-5,000 years oldGeographically concentrated in India and British colonial areas1 million Hindus in the United States8-5Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Slide6

8C: Hindu Beliefs

DharmaOne’s duties or obligations in lifeBasis of the caste systemKarmaEvery action has consequencesCan affect your next lifeReincarnationA person’s soul goes through cycles of death and rebirthWhen an organism dies, the soul passes to another life formThe cycle can be broken (moksha)8-6Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Slide7

8C: Hindu Worship

PolytheisticMillions of gods and goddessesVishnu & Shiva have large sectsThe VedasHoly booksWorship is more individual than communal8-7Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.GaneshSlide8

8D: Buddhism 1

Based on the teachings of Siddhartha in the 5th-6th century BCEBuddhists believe that all living things are reborn, but the cycle can be brokenFour Noble TruthsLife is sufferingSuffering is caused by desire and cravingSuffering can be endedDesire can be eliminated through the Eightfold Path8-8Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Slide9

8D: Buddhism 2

After Buddha’s death, his teachings were passed down and eventually written down in the Pali CanonOver time, Buddhism spread into 3 main formsTheravadaSoutheast AsiaMahayanaChina, East Asia, Southeast AsiaVajrayanaTibet & Mongolia8-9Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Slide10

8E: Judaism 1

Small but influential faithEthnic religionBelieve themselves to be the chosen people of GodExpelled from what is now Israel by the RomansThe DiasporaJewish populations settled throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and southern Europe8-10Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Slide11

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8-11Figure 8E.1The DiasporaSlide12

8E: Judaism 2

Worship in synagogues or templesBelieve God gave humans his law through the TorahSabbath is Friday night and SaturdayNumerous annual holidaysObservant Jews are required to keep a kosher diet8-12Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Slide13

8F: Christianity 1

Over 2 billion adherentsRooted in the Jewish traditionBelieve that Jesus is the MessiahChrist is Greek for anointed oneWide variety in ways that Christians worshipSabbath is Sunday8-13Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Slide14

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8-14Figure 8G.1The Spread of Christianity in EuropeSlide15

8H: Islam 1

Younger than the other major world religionOrigins in the 6th-7th century C.E. and the Prophet MuhammadThe Islamic calendar begins with the Hijra in 622 C.E.Primary source of Muslim belief is the Qur'an, which Muslims believe contain the actual words of God revealed to MuhammadDisagreements over succession after Muhammad’s death led to the split between Sunnis and Shi’ites8-15Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Slide16

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8-16Figure 8H.3Diffusion of IslamSlide17

8H: Islam 2

Five Pillars of IslamA confession of faith, known as the Shahadah. It is, simply, “There is no god but God, and Muhammad is His Prophet.”Prayer. Muslims are expected to pray five times a day. During prayer, Muslims face in the direction of Mecca, no matter where they are in the world.Charity. Muslims, except the poor, are expected to give one-fortieth of their income and possessions to the poor each year.Observance of the holy month of Ramadan. During Ramadan, Muslims fast during the day and only take food or drink in moderation at night.Pilgrimage, or the Hajj. Every able-bodied Muslim who can afford the journey is expected to make a pilgrimage to Mecca once during his or her lifetime.8-17

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8I: Other Large Religious Groups 1

Chinese folk religionsConfucianismBegan in the 5th-6th centuries B.C.E.Emphasizes proper relationships in societyTaoismMystical and esotericFocused on morality, self-restraint, & humilityAfrican Traditional ReligionA catch-all term for dozens of traditionsAnimisticEmphasis is on maintaining order in society8-18Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Slide19

8I: Other Large Religious Groups 2

SikhismFounded by Guru Nanak in the 15th century in what is now Punjab in India/PakistanRejected key ideas of Hinduism and Islam, the key religions in the areaAbout 20 millions adherents worldwideJainismDeveloped as a reaction to Hinduism in the 6th century B.C.E.Goal is to eliminate sources of bad karma8-19Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Slide20

8I: Other Large Religious Groups 3

Baha'iFounded in the 19th century in what is now Iran & IraqUniversalizing. Seeks to unite all the peoples of the worldAbout 6 millions adherentsShintoAncient, ethnic, religion of JapanAnimisticMost Japanese will engage in both Shinto and Buddhist religious activities8-20Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Slide21

8J: Landscapes of Religion 1

Unique buildingsChurches, mosques, temples, etc.Some cities are organized around religious buildingsReligions also have internal geographies, like dioceses in the Catholic ChurchCemeteries, religious schools, monuments, etc.Pilgrimage sites Sacred vs. profane landscapes8-21Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Slide22

8J: Landscapes of Religion 2

Types of Sacred Places (after Jackson & Henrie):Historical sitesWestern Wall (Judaism)Karbala, Iraq (Shi’ite Muslims)HomelandsChaco Canyon, New Mexico was home to Puebloan IndiansMystico-Religious SitesPlaces where the religion feels that a deity came into contact with humansDome of the Rock (Muslims)Bodhi Tree (Buddhists)8-22Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.