IAFNR Plant and Soil Sciences Module Tolerating Climate Plants vary in their ability to tolerate temperature differences and changes Each plant has an optimum temperature for growth Also have a low and high where growth ceases below or above ID: 482181
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Climate Effects" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Climate Effects
IAFNR Plant and Soil Sciences ModuleSlide2
Tolerating Climate
Plants vary in their ability to tolerate temperature differences and changes
Each plant has an optimum temperature for growth
Also have a low and high where growth ceases below or aboveCommon agricultural plants have been divided into two groupsCool SeasonSurvive spring frosts and planted in early spring or fallIncludes: Wheat, Oats, Cabbage, Collards, Lettuce, OnionsWarm SeasonUsually killed by frosts and need warmer temperatures to growIncludes: Cotton, Corn, Beans, Tomatoes, Peppers, Watermelon
What kinds of plants are tolerant to Indiana Weather?Slide3
Other ways of tolerating climate
Hardening
Cool-season Vegetables can be made to adapt to lower temperatures by exposing young transplants to stress of slightly wilting or being grown at 10 degrees below normal
Plants become tougher and less likely to be killed by the environmentDormancySome plants appear to be dead from ground up, but are actually dormantPlants will emerge from underground parts in the springSeed
Germination
Temperature determines seed germination, all seeds have an optimum germination
Thermoperiod
A daily temperature change
Plants respond by growing/ photosynthesize during the day and respire at night after temperature changeSlide4
Climactic Classification
The United States is divided into Hardiness Zones for growing plants
Hardiness Zones determine kinds of plants that will grow in the area based upon average annual minimum temperatures
The USDA plant hardiness map (next slide)Divides North America into 11 zonesZone 1- the coldestZone 11- the warmestSlide5
What zones are found in Indiana?Slide6
Temperature Stress
High Temperature
Injury from lack of light or water
DroughtIndiana experienced a severe drought in the Summer of 2012Low Temperature
Injury from Frost
Kills entire plant
Damages newest buds, flowers, or
leaves
Image retrieved from
:
http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/15/us/drought-impact
/
Image retrieved from
:
http://gardengates.info/basic-gardening-terms-and-definitions-hardy-and-tender-plants
/
Slide7
Climate ClustersSlide8
Climate Clusters
Five Climate Groups
Further divided into specific types of climates found all over the world
TropicalRain ForestMonsoonSavannaDryAridSemiaridMildHumid SubtropicalMarineMediterranean
Continental
Warm Summer
Cool Summer
Subarctic
Polar
Tundra
Ice CapSlide9
Image retrieved from: https://www.imagepermanenceinstitute.org/resources/newsletter-archive/v19/preservation-environment-summitSlide10
Climate Clusters
Semiarid Steppe
Low precipitation
Enough rain to support grasslands also known as savannas.This climate can occur when warm, moist air is blocked by mountainsExample: Denver, Colorado, next to the Rocky Mountains
Midlatitude Desert
Very similar to Semiarid Steppe
True Desert Climate
Image
retrieved from: http://gec.cr.usgs.gov/archive/eolian/Slide11
Climate Clusters
Humid Continental
Climate Type: Continental
Cold, Long WintersWarm SummerWet summer seasonsCool SummerCold winds Accustomed to harsh weather
Humid Subtropical
Climate Type: Mild
F
ound
on
eastern
sides of
continents
See Map
H
ot
and
humid summers
Winter can be severely cold
Precipitation spread evenly through the yearHurricanes and other violent storms are common in these regions.Slide12
Climate Clusters
Marine West Coast
Climate Type: Mild
Longer, cooler winter than Mediterranean climateDrizzle falls throughout most of the winterTemperatures average about 41 degrees Fahrenheit
Mediterranean
Climate Type: Mild
W
arm summer, little rain
S
hort
, mild, and rainy
winter
Found
on the west coasts
of
and along the shores of the Mediterranean
SeaSlide13
References
National Geographic. (2015). Climate. Retrieved
from:
http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/climate/?ar_a=1 Parker, R. (2010). Plant and Soil Science: Fundamentals and Applications. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar.USDA Hardiness Zone image retrieved from: http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/