PPT-Correlation vs. Causation

Cum hoc ergo propter hoc With this therefore because of this Correlation A relation existing between phenomena or things or between mathematical or statistical variables which tend to vary be associated or occur together in a way not expected on the basis of chance . If two variables A and B are correlated with high statistical signi64257cance it does not necessarily imply that A causes B nor that B causes A Hence the high correlation between birth rate and number of storks in variously industri alized European c u. nwarranted . assumption. Begging the Question. This is . a form of circular reasoning. Question-begging premises are . distinct from their conclusions, but cannot be believed without believing the conclusion.. L/O – To identify the problems historians face when dealing with causation. Why is Causation important?. Every historical investigation begins with the simple question – ‘. why. ?’. Identifying the most . Module 4 – Negligence: Causation and Scope of Liability (Remoteness). Objectives. At the end of this. module you should . be able to. :. Understand the ways in which the Civil Liability Act has affected factual causation at common law;. Dr.MUSTAQUE. AHMED. MBBS,MD(COMMUNITY MEDICINE),. FELLOWSHIP IN HIV/AIDS. OBJECTIVE OF THE CLASS. TO UNDERSTAND THE ASSOCIATION AND CAUSATION IN EPIDEMIOLOGY. 2. DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES- suggest an etiological hypothesis.. Problem of Causation. For many crimes, we have to show that the Act CAUSED a particular consequence. Causation is part of the Actus Reus of the crime. Need to apply the rules of causation to decide whether D’s guilty act caused the required consequence in the definition of the crime. Background and Developments regarding the Role of Asbestos as a Cause of Lung Cancer. Lung Cancer: Medical Aspects of Causation. Aneuploidy. Unlimited cell reproduction and failure of cell death. Animal Studies. Correlation and regression are powerful tools, but have limitations.. Correlation and regression describe only linear relationship.. Correlation r and the least-squares regression are not resistant. . Causes are . difference-makers. .. Effect need not be . universal/deterministic. .. N. ot . everyone who is bitten by a cobra . dies. .. N. ot . everyone who dies is bitten by a . cobra. .. B. ut . cobra bites still cause . a measure of the extent to which two variables change together.. How well does A predict B?. The correlation may be positive, negative, or have no relationship.. Correlation. A . positive correlation . Pg 337..345: 3b, 6b (form and strength). Page 350..359: 10b, 12a, 16c, 16e. Homework Turn In…. A straight line that describes how a response variable y changes as an explanatory variable x changes. . Summary of the measure of the characteristics of individuals in groups.. A descriptive statistic talks about a single characteristics within a given group. Lots of descriptive statistics are summarizing lots of characteristics but all within a given group.. Correlation. A statistical way to measure the relationship between two sets of data.. Means that both things are observed at the same time.. Causation. Means that one thing will cause the other.. You can have correlation without causation. positive gradient? . A. B. C. D. As height increases, . weight. increases.. Last lesson we looked at. how to plot scatter graphs. . What . does this . scatter . graph show about the relationship between .